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  TWENTY-FIRST 
  REPORT 
  ON 
  THE 
  STATE 
  CABINET. 
  

  

  terior 
  end, 
  and 
  its 
  surface 
  is 
  vertically 
  convex 
  — 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  give 
  a 
  

   sub-ovate 
  transverse 
  section 
  to 
  the 
  bone 
  — 
  and 
  longitudinally 
  con- 
  

   cave, 
  reducing 
  the 
  transverse 
  diameter 
  of 
  the 
  segment 
  from 
  three 
  

   inches 
  at 
  the 
  ends 
  to 
  two 
  and 
  one-half 
  at 
  the 
  middle. 
  The 
  ter- 
  

   minal 
  faces 
  are 
  ovate 
  and 
  quite 
  convex, 
  and 
  have 
  the 
  porous 
  papil- 
  

   lose 
  surface 
  characterizing 
  cartilaginous 
  attachment. 
  A 
  comparison 
  

   of 
  the 
  dimensions 
  of 
  this 
  bone 
  with 
  those 
  of 
  its 
  equivalent 
  in 
  M. 
  

   longirostris 
  (taken 
  from 
  Dr. 
  Warren's 
  translation 
  of 
  Prof. 
  Sis- 
  

   mondi's 
  description], 
  shows 
  that 
  the 
  proportions 
  were 
  very 
  dif- 
  

   ferent 
  in 
  the 
  two 
  species. 
  

  

  M. 
  gigantens. 
  M. 
  longirostris 
  

   Inches. 
  Inches. 
  

  

  Length 
  of 
  second 
  sternebra 
  4.5 
  6.3 
  

  

  Width 
  3. 
  4.3 
  

  

  Depth 
  of 
  anterior 
  margin 
  4. 
  1.9 
  

  

  As 
  there 
  remains 
  some 
  doubt 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  ordinal 
  position 
  of 
  the 
  

   bone 
  just 
  described, 
  a 
  detailed 
  comparison 
  is 
  not 
  warranted; 
  but 
  

   it 
  seems 
  beyond 
  question 
  that 
  while 
  the 
  sternum 
  of 
  M. 
  longirostris 
  

   is 
  broader 
  than 
  deep 
  and 
  but 
  slightly 
  carinated, 
  that 
  of 
  M. 
  gigan- 
  

   tens 
  is 
  decidedly 
  cariniform. 
  

  

  Sex. 
  — 
  Size, 
  development 
  of 
  tusks, 
  the 
  presence 
  or 
  absence 
  of 
  

   mandibular 
  tusks, 
  and 
  the 
  diameter 
  of 
  the 
  pelvic 
  aperture, 
  are 
  all 
  

   characters 
  aiding 
  in 
  the 
  determination 
  of 
  sex 
  in 
  the 
  Mastodon. 
  

   While 
  no 
  one 
  of 
  them 
  can 
  be 
  regarded 
  as 
  of 
  crucial 
  authority, 
  

   their 
  concurrent 
  verdict 
  leaves 
  little 
  room 
  for 
  doubt. 
  The 
  War- 
  

   ren 
  Mastodon, 
  of 
  maximum 
  size, 
  supporting 
  unusually 
  long 
  and 
  

   large 
  tusks, 
  armed 
  with 
  an 
  inferior 
  canine 
  tooth, 
  and 
  exhibiting 
  a 
  

   comparatively 
  small 
  pelvic 
  aperture, 
  is 
  incontestably 
  a 
  male. 
  The 
  

   Cambridge 
  skeleton 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  very 
  much 
  smaller 
  than 
  the 
  

   last, 
  though 
  nearly 
  as 
  old, 
  furnished 
  with 
  short 
  and 
  slender 
  tusks 
  

   above 
  and 
  none 
  below, 
  and 
  with 
  a 
  pelvic 
  aperture 
  large 
  as 
  com- 
  

   pared 
  to 
  other 
  dimensions, 
  is 
  a 
  female. 
  The 
  Cohoes 
  skeleton, 
  

   while 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  age 
  as 
  the 
  Cambridge, 
  is 
  in 
  size 
  intermediate 
  

   between 
  the 
  others. 
  Its 
  tusks 
  nearly 
  equal 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  Warren 
  

   skeleton 
  in 
  diameter, 
  but 
  are 
  far 
  shorter. 
  The 
  evidence 
  as 
  to 
  

   mandibular 
  tusks 
  is 
  somewhat 
  ambiguous, 
  but 
  two 
  appear 
  to 
  have 
  

   been 
  shed, 
  the 
  sockets 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  nearly 
  filled 
  by 
  osseous 
  mat- 
  

   ter; 
  the 
  "truncated" 
  area 
  of 
  the 
  jaw 
  measures 
  two 
  and 
  one-half 
  

   inches 
  vertically, 
  by 
  two 
  and 
  three-fourths 
  laterally. 
  The 
  aperture 
  

   of 
  the 
  pelvis 
  is 
  even 
  smaller 
  in 
  proportion 
  than 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  War- 
  

   ren; 
  and, 
  on 
  the 
  whole, 
  the 
  indication 
  is 
  very 
  decided 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  

  

  