﻿134 
  TWENTY-FIRST 
  REPORT 
  ON 
  THE 
  STATE 
  CABINET. 
  

  

  inches 
  of 
  crumbled 
  shale, 
  they 
  contain 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  soft 
  mud 
  ; 
  

   one 
  was 
  probed 
  seven 
  and 
  one-half 
  feet, 
  and 
  another 
  ten 
  feet 
  

   without 
  reaching 
  bottom. 
  They 
  have 
  no 
  outlets. 
  No 
  trees 
  or 
  

   stumps 
  stand 
  in 
  them, 
  and 
  those 
  on 
  their 
  margins 
  lean 
  toward 
  

   them. 
  Eight 
  of 
  them 
  are 
  near 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  fall, 
  and 
  have 
  the 
  

   following 
  diameters: 
  15x15, 
  123x52, 
  48x30, 
  15X15, 
  35x25, 
  

   30X20, 
  20X20 
  and 
  15x20 
  feet. 
  Four 
  hundred 
  feet 
  to 
  the 
  N. 
  E. 
  

   are 
  three 
  others 
  measuring 
  10X15, 
  40x^5 
  and 
  10x15 
  feet. 
  Five 
  

   hundred 
  feet 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  fall, 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  cliff, 
  are 
  two 
  more, 
  

   respectively 
  10 
  and 
  15 
  feet 
  across. 
  Near 
  by 
  are 
  two 
  larger 
  swamps 
  

   that 
  probably 
  cover 
  pot-holes, 
  but 
  their 
  shapes 
  are 
  not 
  sufficiently 
  

   symmetrical 
  to 
  <jive 
  assurance 
  of 
  the 
  fact.* 
  

  

  The 
  great 
  difference 
  between 
  the 
  pot-holes 
  of 
  the 
  shore 
  and 
  of 
  

   the 
  river 
  bed 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  that 
  of 
  size. 
  Half 
  of 
  those 
  discovered 
  

   on 
  the 
  eastern 
  shore 
  outrank 
  the 
  largest 
  of 
  the 
  modern. 
  The 
  

   Mastodon 
  pot-pole 
  was 
  probed 
  to 
  a 
  depth 
  greater 
  than 
  the 
  river 
  

   bed 
  can 
  show, 
  and 
  if 
  the 
  pot-holes 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  basin 
  belong, 
  as 
  

   I 
  surmise, 
  to 
  the 
  ancient 
  system, 
  their 
  depth 
  was 
  70 
  or 
  80 
  feet. 
  

   Mr. 
  Whitfield 
  saw 
  a 
  section 
  of 
  pot-hole 
  in 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  a 
  Florence 
  

   flask. 
  Of 
  the 
  six 
  or 
  eight 
  sections 
  that 
  I 
  have 
  seen, 
  none 
  have 
  

   approached 
  this 
  shape, 
  and, 
  although 
  my 
  attention 
  has 
  been 
  

   directed 
  to 
  the 
  matter, 
  I 
  have 
  observed 
  nothing 
  of 
  the 
  sort 
  in 
  

   any 
  modern 
  pot-hole. 
  A 
  number 
  are 
  expanded 
  at 
  bottom, 
  but 
  

   not 
  to 
  exceed 
  double 
  the 
  diameter 
  at 
  top. 
  The 
  gravel 
  from 
  the 
  

   ancient 
  pot-holes 
  is 
  all 
  well 
  rounded, 
  while 
  the 
  modern 
  ones 
  

   contain 
  many 
  boulders 
  that 
  are 
  but 
  partly 
  so. 
  I 
  think, 
  however, 
  

   that 
  this 
  difference 
  is 
  entirely 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  recent 
  influx 
  of 
  gravel 
  

   received 
  by 
  the 
  latter. 
  The 
  modern 
  holes 
  contain, 
  besides 
  the 
  

   hard 
  erratics, 
  slightly 
  worn 
  fragments 
  of 
  the 
  surrounding 
  shale. 
  

  

  Cliffs. 
  — 
  The 
  cliffs 
  of 
  the 
  river 
  gorge 
  are 
  in 
  some 
  places 
  now 
  

   receding. 
  The 
  river 
  prevents 
  the 
  accumulation 
  of 
  a 
  natural 
  talus 
  

   on 
  the 
  east 
  side 
  from 
  the 
  company's 
  dam 
  to 
  the 
  railroad 
  bridge, 
  

   and, 
  on 
  the 
  west 
  side, 
  from 
  the 
  fall 
  to 
  the 
  new 
  mill 
  at 
  least. 
  

   Beyond 
  this, 
  artificial 
  heaps 
  preclude 
  observation. 
  The 
  inclina- 
  

   tion 
  below 
  the 
  fall 
  ranges 
  from 
  60° 
  to 
  75°, 
  and 
  is 
  nearly 
  90° 
  in 
  a 
  

   few 
  places. 
  For 
  600 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  fall 
  (east 
  side) 
  the 
  average 
  is 
  

   at 
  least 
  80°, 
  and 
  above 
  that 
  from 
  55° 
  to 
  45°, 
  with 
  an 
  even 
  slope, 
  

   covered 
  in 
  many 
  parts 
  with 
  a 
  mixed 
  vegetation 
  down 
  to 
  high- 
  

  

  * 
  See 
  Note 
  C. 
  

  

  