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Art. III. — Observations on certain Fossil Bones from the collection of the Academy of 

 Natural Sciejices of Philadelphia.* By Richard Owen, Esq., F. R. S., Professor 

 of Comparative Anatomy in the Royal College of Surgeons, London, &c., &c.t 



Genus Bos. 



No. 1. Distal half of right humerus : it is about one-sixth less than the same part 

 in Bos primigenius, and more resembles that of the Aurochs : it belongs, probably, to 

 a species of Bison. 



No. 2. The left tibia of the same species. 



Genus Equus. 

 No. 3. Fragments of a lower molar tooth of the size of the Equus cahallus; but the 

 specific character not determinable. 



Genus Mastodon. 



No. 4. A portion of tusk, labelled Hippopotamus, but satisfactorily known to have 

 belonged to a Proboscidian Pachyderm by the decussating curved lines intercepting 

 lozenge-shaped spaces, at the transverse fractures of the ivory at the two ends. This 

 structure is shown in British Fossil Mammalia, p. 291, fig. 101, c. Transverse frac- 

 tures of the tusks of Hippopotamus show fine concentric lines, as figured in British 

 Fossil Mammalia, p. 402, fig. 160. 



From the size, shape and slight degree of curvature of the Georgian fossil, it may 

 probably have belonged to the left side, lower jaw, of the Mastodon giganteus. 



Genus Harlantjs. Plate VI., 

 No. 5. The middle part of the right ramus of the lower jaw of alarge Pachyderm, with 

 the last three (or true) molars, part of the premolar next in advance, and part of the 

 socket of another premolar. The crow^ns of all these teeth appear to have been worn 

 down by mastication to their base ; they present the proportions, and the last molar, 

 in a cast transmitted to me by my lamented friend Dr. Harlan, appears to retain the 

 anterior of the two large transverse ridges, which characterize the teeth of the genus 

 Lophiodon, Cuv. : it likewise possesses the large posterior lobe or talon, which dis- 



* Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, August, 1846. 



tThe organic remains which form the subject of this paper are a part of a series collected by James Hamilton 

 Couper, Esq., during the excavation of the Brunswick Canal, near Darien, in Georgia. Prof. Owen, having 

 expressed a wish to examine these fossils, they were transmitted to him through Mr. Charles Lyell, by authority 

 of the Academy, and the following highly interesting memoir was promptly returned. Besides the reference by 

 Professor Owen to Dr. Harlan's original paper in the American Journal of Science, some valuable remarks by Mr. 

 Couper himself, will be found in Vol. I. of the Proceedings of this Academy, page 216. 



