Mr Hardy's Entomological Notes. 89 



and ligaments, the hard parts of the skeletons separated from 

 each other and were scattered. Anthracosia also occurs — a 

 genus of mollusks generally considered analogous to the 

 freshwater Uniones ; but along with them is Lingula squami- 

 formis, which occurs in abundance along with marine organ- 

 isms in other beds of the Mountain-limestone in Northumber- 

 land. It is remarkable that a Lingula is the only determin- 

 able marine shell as yet found in the Newcastle coal-measures; 

 at Ryhope, near Sunderland, Mr Kirkby has found Lingula 

 Credneri{?). The peculiar association of fossils in this shale 

 at Brunton proves that it had been deposited in an estuary, 

 or in an inland sea of brackish water, such perhaps as the 

 Caspian, where we may expect to find a peculiar interming- 

 ling of different forms of organic life. [Geo. Tate, 1863.] 



Entomological Notes. By James Hardy. 



Cleopus pulchellus. This spring I found this pretty 

 weevil on Scrophularia nodosa in Penmanshiel Wood. It 

 has not hitherto been recorded as a Scottish insect. 



CiONUS Blattartje. On the same plant in the Pease 

 Dean, and in the dean at Oldcambus. 



Salpingus viridipennis. Mr Boyd sent me an example 

 to examine from Tweedside. Previously I had only seen one 

 near Newcastle. 



Pltjtella Cruciferarum. This minute moth and its 

 green caterpillar were very prevalent in the turnip fields 

 throughout the season. It appeared to have come from the 

 wild mustard and Hunch, which were more than usually 

 abundant in cultivated fields; and the caterpillar fell upon 

 the Swedish turnip as soon as the leaves were formed, and 

 by nibbling large holes in the leaves, very much hurt its 

 growth. To this also the dryness of the season contributed. 

 Latterly it attacked all kinds of turnips, but the continued 

 growth of the roots in autumn, enabled them to overcome it. 

 Some of the moths were still alive far on in November. It 

 has probably not been so abundant since 1851, when it was 

 enormously multiplied over Great Britain and Ireland. 



