98 Anniversary Address. 



been inferred, that peat accumulates there at the rate of 

 about one foot in a century. 



On the return from the kaim a remarkable old camp was 

 examined at Black Castle Rings, on the east side of the 

 Blackadder. It has an area of about three-fourths of an acre, 

 and occupies a corner having natural cliifs, 100 feet in height 

 on the west and south sides, and is defended on the exposed 

 sides by two semicircular rampiers and ditches, which are in 

 good preservation. It resembles strongholds belonging to 

 the ancient British period. 



Greenlaw stands on the upper beds of the old red sand- 

 stone, of which sections more than 100 feet in thickness are 

 exposed in the banks of the Blackadder. About a mile east- 

 ward of Greenlaw, the railway cutting exposes a broad mass 

 of trap, consisting of amygdaloids, basalt, and trap tufa ; 

 and abutting against it, on the east side, are calciferous sand- 

 stones, impure limestones, and arenaceous shales, belonging 

 to theTuedian group, which is intercalated between the moun- 

 tain limestone and old red sandstone formations. Three 

 miles southward of Greenlaw is the ridge of columnar basalt, 

 on the eastern end of which stands Hume Castle, command- 

 ing an extensive view over Berwickshire and into Northum- 

 berland. The rock is more than 50 feet in height, and, in 

 external form and mineral character, resembles the basaltic 

 whin-sill of Northumberland. May this ridge not be a pro- 

 longation of |;hat sill ? It is distant from Kyloe, the north- 

 ern termination of the sill, about 20 miles to the west ; but 

 whether it is a vertical dyke, or has been intruded laterally, 

 like the whin-sill, among the stratified rocks, could not be 

 determined. 



Papers by the president were read ; one on the kaims in 

 Berwickshire, and the other on traces of a formation of 

 primary quartz rock in the south of Scotland. 



Mr George Tate laid before the meeting sketches sent by 

 Captain Oswald Carr, E.A., of sculptures in rock temples in 

 Malta, of pre-historic age, having some analogies to the 

 sculptured rocks of Northumberland ; and he intimated that 



