Rev. P. Mearns on the Kaim at Warh. 227 



through the trap, and large boulders are seen projecting from 

 the inclined section on the east side of the rock ; and the 

 overlying limestone is also seen. From the west, then, un- 

 doubtedly the stones have come. 



There is greenstone from the Tweed at Maxton, or Mer- 

 ton; basalt from Hume Castle; greywacke from the 

 Lammermuirs to the west; conglomerate from the neighbour- 

 hood of Hawick ; and dark porphry from the Eildon Hills. 

 I mention the places where such stones are found, and from 

 which they were probably brought by the direction of the 

 current. The pebbles of porphry are of various kinds, but 

 the larger blocks have a dark base with large cry stals of calc- 

 spar. The basaltic boulders may have come from the basaltic 

 dike which crosses the Teviot at Hawick.* There are 

 pebbles of quartz, both white and coloured, in the kaim. 

 All the stones found in the drift of the adjoining fields have 

 their representatives here. I have not found granite, and it 

 is rarely found in the drift of Northumberland. I lately 

 found a small block of it, of the nature of the Aberdeen 

 granite, of the size of a cocoa nut, ten feet deep in the 

 boulder clay, above the soft sandstone of a quarry on the 

 Coquet opposite Warkworth ; and afterwards a larger block 

 on Alnwick Moor of Peterhead granite. Mr. Tate, our 

 secretary, in an excellent Memoir on the Boulder Formation 

 in Northumberland, says that he has met with one large 

 block of granite, " measuring eight cubic feet, neither worn 

 nor rounded, embedded in clay on the western acclivity of 

 Alnwick Moor, at an elevation of 600 feet above the vale of 

 the Aln below : this granite is identical with that m situ at 

 Aberdeen. It is also important to notice that not one frag- 

 ment of rock, of more recent age than the carboniferous 

 formation, is to be found in the Northumberland superficial 

 deposits." 



On the south side of the kaim at Wark is a moss (the 

 usual accompaniment of these ridges), now drained for cul- 

 tivation, 2| feet in depth, resting on marl. 



This kaim undoubtedly belongs to the drift or diluvial 

 deposits, and supplies important illustrations of the diluvial 

 debris. 



I visited Campfield, two miles from Coldstream, to examine 

 the beds of sand and gravel there, and compare them with 



* Mr. Milne Home traced it for 26 miles continuously. (See his Geology of 

 Roxburgh, p. 477.) 



