162 On Stone and Flint Implements, by James Hardy. 



inwards from both faces, one of which is less convex than the 

 other." This was found in May, 1876, when the people were 

 putting in the turnips, on the farm of Broomdykes, Berwickshire. 

 " The field in which it was found adjoins the high banks which 

 margin the haughs." It was furnished by Dr Charles Stuart, of 

 Chirnside. 



3. Plate I., fig. 4. Elongated, imperforate, stone adze or hoe. 

 This is a peculiar implement, of a hitherto unpublished type. It 

 is of greywacke, and is rather rudely smoothed or dressed all 

 over. It tapers from the narrow butt-end, gradually outwards to 

 the edge. The one surface is more convex than the other ; an 

 attempt having been made to flatten the under face. The broad 

 end on the convex surface is more sloped than the other. The 

 sides are rounded ; but on one, there is an attempt to form a 

 lateral face, by smoothing. At more than one-third of its length 

 from the butt-end, a hollow groove f of an inch broad has been 

 picked all round, shallowest beneath, across which sinews or 

 twisted withs may have been wrapped to attach it to a handle. 

 The length is 6^ inches ; greatest breadth 3 inches ; middle 2% ; 

 at the butt, 1-inch; thickness 1£ inch; weight 18£ oz. The 

 broad or cutting end is blunted and injured. It may have been 

 a hoe or adze. Like the preceding it has an upper and under 

 side. It was found at Lumsdean, in the parish of Coldingham, 

 in 1876, by a drainer, while pursuing his avocation near an old 

 " camp ;" and is in my possession.* This long tapering shape of 

 implement occurs also in a fine smooth slate celt found at the 

 same place, and now in Mr Wilson's Museum, at Coldingham. 

 The slate of which it is composed, is said to be found on the 

 farm. 



* Dr C. C. Abbott, of Trenton, in an elaborate article " On the Stone Age 

 in New Jersey," in tbe "Smithsonian Report" for 1875, p. 351, describes 

 and figures, fig. 194, a stone hoe grooved for the secure attachment of a 

 handle. He concludes that the hoe had ' ' been attached to a handle at right 

 angles to the blade, the handle being placed in contact with the hoe at the 

 under surface, and well lashed by raw-hide strips passing around it and over 

 the side notches ; or the handle has been a split, or a forked stick, the ends 

 being drawn about the hoe at the notches, and firmly bound by raw-hide 

 strips at the central notch." Of the use of such " hoes," Professor Nilsson 

 says, " it must be acknowledged that if agriculture, as seems most probable, 

 consisted originally in burning tracts of forest, and then sowing among the 

 ashes, these rude hoes must have been very suitable for such operations." 

 (On the Stone Age in Scandinavia.) 



