Anniversary Address. 167 



of Manners above the portal. An ornamental ecclesiastical 



window is also to be noted here, as if it had belonged to a 



chapel where divine service had been performed to the 



inmates of the Castle. On one side of the grassy area, 



which is quadrangular and about a quarter of an acre in 



extent, is a ruinous wall, representing the wall " made 



of stone and lime," erected by Sir Robert de Manners 



in 1342, when the Castle was embattled. At the north-east 



corner stands the donjon tower, or keep, a tall square pile, 



still almost complete in form, although its walls are slowly 



crumbling away. Like most of the Border fortalices, the 



lower, or ground, compartment has been vaulted for the 



reception of cattle during alarms of invasion. The second 



compartment contains the remains of a very large fire-place, 



which would allow the ancient cooks plenty of elbow room 



in preparing the huge roasts and ample dishes then in 



vogue. Other two tiers rank above : the one the hall, the 



other the sleeping apartments. The small arched windows 



have no key stones, but transoms or horizontal mullions. 



The Rev. James Raine conjectured that the building was 



scarcely older than the reign of Henry VI. The families 



who have held this Castle are the Manners, now represented 



by the Duke of Rutland ; the Collingwoods, under a lease 



of three lives, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth ■ and George 



Home, Earl of Dunbar, the Scotch favorite of James I., 



whose daughter and son-in-law disposed of it to the Carrs, 



from whom Lady Fitzclarence is descended. Lady Fitz- 



clarence was married on the 19th May, 1821, to Colonel Lord 



Fitzclarence, son of William IV., who died at Bombay in 



1854. Above the Castle are visible the ruins of an old 



bridge across the Till ; the foundations are of a triangular 



form, the apices pointing up the river. It was over this bridge, 



doubtless, that the English and captured Scotch artillery 



was conveyed to Etal the day after the battle of Flodden. 



The following extract from the " Booke of the State of the 



Marches," by Sir Robert Bowes, 1542, shows that the Castle 



