266 Mr. James Hardy on some Flint Implements, &c. 



this edge. Found in a turnip-field at Penmanshiel, which in a 

 state of nature produced stunted birches, whence it still bears the 

 name of " Short Birks." There yet remain small tumuli in that 

 portion of the wood which screens the field. It lies on the bank 

 above the post-road. The flint is of a light grey. 



4. Straight-edged flint, Plate iii., fig. 2. This appears to be 

 an example of Mr. Evans' straight scraper, fig. 225. It is a 

 whitish grey flint of a glassy lustre, chipped only on one face, 

 and has apparently passed through fire. As Mr. Borlase notes 

 of Cornish flints found in barrows, it may have afforded the 

 means of kindling the fire which reduced the body to ashes, and 

 then been cast among the embers. (" Nsenia Cornubise," p. 272.) 

 Pound in a field near Harelawside farm, where once stood many 

 tumuli and cairns, winter 1873-4. 



5. Long horse-shoe shaped scraper of light grey flint, Plate 

 iii., fig. 2. The flakes have been struck off from the thick end. 

 The edges are finely chipped all round. It closely resembles, 

 Evans, fig. 210, Yorkshire Wolds; but that example has required 

 more labour. " Short Birks " field, Penmanshiel, March, 1874. 



6. Horse-shoe shaped scraper, Plate iii., fig. 4. Considerably 

 chipped round the semicircular edge. The body of the flint is 

 very smooth and porcellanous, and quite white, having passed 

 through fire. In the field next to Hog's Law, Oldcambus, which 

 supplied previous examples, 1874. 



7. Long horse-shoe shaped scraper, Plate iii., fig. 5. A mini- 

 ature of No. 5. Minutely chipped round the edges, except the 

 base. Of a pale grey flint. Probably used for polishing small 

 objects. Pield at Oldcambus, where the original post- road 

 passed across, January, 1874, 



8. Horse-shoe shaped scraper, Plate iii., fig. 8. This is one of 

 th9 finest scrapers yet obtained. It is of a grey flint, mixed with 

 a brown tinge, is thin, very smooth on both sides, and semi- 

 transparent. It is very artistically brought to an edge, and has 

 been little employed. In a field at Penmanshiel, March, 1874, 

 that had not previously yielded any flint relics, lying next to the 

 old Eed Clues farm, now incorporated with Oldcambus Town- 

 head. There were once cairns on the higher adjacent land. It 

 was all under heather when my father reclaimed it. On the 

 moor still remaining to the east, I once in crossing picked up 

 half a fractured stone-bullet of the larger sort, such as might 

 have been in practise for games. It was composed of greenstone. 

 If the moors were burned over in these early ages, they would 

 furnish a very smooth bowling field. 



9. Small cutting or piercing instrument, Plate iv., fig. 5. This 

 is of grey flint. It is finely chipped on one edge and round the 

 wedge-shaped apex, and about a third down the back, with a 

 truncate base. In the same field as the last. 



