Mr. Tate on the Celtic Town at Greaces Ash. 299 



abutted against the rampart ; the bottom of this conduit is 18 

 inches below the level of the very rudely flagged floor of this 

 hut. A considerable quantity of charred wood was found 

 within the conduit itself, and within the hut close to it. This 

 opening seems, therefore, to have b3en a flue ; and here we 

 have a primitive fire-place hollowed out of the floor, and a 

 flue or chimney of rude structure, to carry away, through 

 the rampart, the smoke from fires made of wood. 



Gateways. The only entrance to the Fort through the 

 inner rampart is on the east, where there is a gateway 8^ 

 feet broad, the sides being carefully formed of large blocks, 

 some of which are set upright. The entrance through the outer 

 rampart is not opposite, but diagonal to the other, being 

 thirty yards to the southward — an artifice in military tactics, 

 which must have contributed to the safety of the inner por- 

 tion of the Fort. This arrangement, however, is not unfre- 

 quent in Northumberland camps, and Sir Gardener Wilkin- 

 son has noticed the same, in early for tie ts, in the south-western 

 part of England. 



The eastern approach to our Fort has indeed been de- 

 fended by strong and complicated works, evidencing mili- 

 tary skill ; for besides the two great ramparts and their 

 guard-houses at the gateways, there is a third defensive 

 rampart on the east — Plate 4, D — through which there is 

 another gateway, where it crosses the road leading from the 

 Fort. This supplemental rampart commences on the south- 

 east corner of the Fort, and extends in a direct line to the 

 eastern Fort, of which it forms the defence on its east side. 



The only other entrance into this Fort is through the outer 

 rampart on the north-east corner. 



Eastern Fort. — This Fort — Plate 4, B — occupies some- 

 what higher ground than the one described ; it is much 

 smaller and less complicated in its arrangements ; but, as 

 very large blocks have been used in its construction, its ruins 

 are more striking. Stones forming the rampart are from 2 

 feet to 4 feet in length ; and even the walls of huts are built 

 with stones as long as 2^ feet. 



With the West Fort it is connected by the third rampart 

 — Plate 4, D — which defended it on the east, and by circular 

 dwellings and semi-circular enclosures which are scattered 

 over the space between the two Forts. A few of these are 

 shown on the plan ; but, as the ground during the summer, 

 when the plan was made, is much obscured by the rank 



U 



