304 Mr. Tate on the Celtic Town at Greaves Ash, 



small, are scattered in considerable numbers over the lower 

 hills. 



Excavations have been made into several of the tumuli, 

 and into Brough-law and the Chesters. 



Barrows. On the moors between Greaves Ash and Hart- 

 side, and on the hilly ground extending northward, are many 

 low tumuli, which had the appearance of ancient sepulchres ; 

 a few of these were opened, but nothing w^as found to confirm 

 the inference derived from their external shape. 



On the Knock, about one mile eastward, two large cairns 

 were opened, and two other tumuli a little northward of 

 them ; in all burnt wood was discovered. Probably however 

 the cairns had previously been rifled. 



Not far from the Ewe hill camp there are several tumuli ; 

 two of considerable size, higher up on the hill, were explored, 

 and yielded burnt wood ; and a long barrow, lower down the 

 hill, was found to have a row of stones set upright passing 

 through its middle, two feet below the natural surface ; this 

 too contained burnt wood. 



Many large barrows are on the Ingram hill south of Brough- 

 law, opposite to the Chesters camp, some of them being 60 

 feet in circumference, and from 2 feet to 3 feet in height : 

 three of them were opened ; in all was burnt wood, and in 

 the centre of one of them, a stone 2 feet in height was stand- 

 ing and around it was strewed the burnt wood. All these 

 tumuli were formed of blocks of porphyry heaped up, ming- 

 led with a little earth. These results are not definite, but 

 possibly at some former period these barrows have been 

 opened ; for we know that one of the group — a very large 

 one on the top of the hill was taken down betw^een 30 and 40 

 years ago, and beneath it was found an urn of the shape and 

 with the scorings which characterize Celtic urns. So large 

 was this barrow or cairn, that it supplied a sufficient quantity 

 of stones to build the wall, enclosing the " south plantation," 

 which has an area of five acres. 



Little information has been derived from these barrow 

 explorations ; no proofs obtained of inhumation, nor even any 

 bones found ; the probable inference from them is, that the 

 early inhabitants of the valley disposed of their dead by 

 cremation, and that a tumulus, or funeral pile, was raised 

 over the ashes ; this accords, in some measure, with Caesar's 

 account of the sepulchral customs of the Gauls. 



Brough-law. The foitlet on Brough-law resembles those 

 on Yeavering Bell and Humbleheugh, though it is much 



