46 ' Anniversary Address. 



conglomerate. In the bed of the Kaim Burn, however, below 

 Edgerston Loch, the conglomerate has been denuded away, and 

 the porphyrite is there seen overlying the Silurian. Following 

 up the Kaim Burn you find it heading in a chain of conspicuous 

 hills running west and east. These are all composed of varieties 

 of porphyrite. Silurian re-appears along the base of these hills 

 on their southern margin, but it is immediately overlaid with 

 sandstones and shales, clays, etc. which continue to the top of the 

 Cheviots in the Carter Fell district. Catscleugh Shin (1742 ft.) 

 on the north-east of Carter Fell is a great sheet of Basalt or 

 Dolerite resting upon a bed of Volcanic Tuff and Ash. The sand- 

 stones, clays, shales, cement-stones, and limestones which lie 

 along the tops of the Cheviots here, and stretch down their slopes 

 towards the north, are the equivalents of our Lower Carbonifer- 

 ous of Middle Scotland. 



" In the district you traversed you have fine examples of un- 

 conformability, overlap, etc. The Silurian consists of Lower and 

 Upper divisions, but the junction between the two is concealed 

 below the Porphyrites. The Porphyritas rest unconformably 

 upon the Silurian, and had been highly denuded — worn into 

 hill and dale — before the Old Eed Conglomerates were laid down. 

 These last indicate shallow water, possibly lacustrine, with 

 torrents coming down from a hilly region. The " Jed-beds '' of 

 soft red sandstones and shale, etc. are the somewhat deeper 

 water equivalents of these shore-beds. The overlying Carboni- 

 ferous strata indicate a gradual depression of the area and the 

 accumulation of sediment in an inland sea or lake, which now 

 and again had more or less open connection with the ocean. 

 But to make all this intelligible would require a map, and much 

 detailed description." 



The valley of the Jed was left at Camptown, and the party 

 turned into the long and pleasant avenue, which skirts the brawl- 

 ing Edgerston or Kaim Burn, and after a course of a mile and a 

 half, the last part very steep, leads to the mansion-house. Mr 

 Oliver Eutherford welcomed us most kindly, and invited inspec- 

 tion of the house and grounds by the members of the party. 

 The house, which has been enlarged by additions to the ancient 

 tower, suiting it to modern requirements, occupies a commanding 

 situation, from which, in the intervals between the fine old 

 trees which stand around it, pleasant views are obtained of the 

 hills to the east and south. In the dining-room were seen fuU 



