Forts, Camps, etc. in Roxburghshire, By J. Geikie. 139 



lance called the Jedburgh. Staff," has been in use since 1680, 

 and it is the only arms that the burgh is entitled to bear. 



In his History of RoxlurghsJiire, Mr Jeffrey asserts that when 

 the community of Jedburgh swore fealty to Edward I, in 1296, 

 the seal attached to the declaration had for device an unicorn 

 tripping argent ringed maned and horned. This assertion is made 

 without authority and, as has been seen, without due investiga- 

 tion. There cannot possibly be any authority for the colour 

 (azure) at that early period. 



The weapon called by the Jedburgh Magistrates in 1680 

 a Jedlurgh Staff, was defined by the Lord Lion as a Kynde of 

 Launce, and styled by John Major {Be Gestis Bcotorum, V. 3.) 

 haculum f erratum Jedwardim, and was well known and was long 

 used not only by the Jedburgh men but also over all the Scottish 

 Lowlands, and it is in many old writings sharply distinguished 

 from the axe and the halberd. It was used, as Major tells us, 

 by the Borderers under Bruce at Bannockburn, and it was a re- 

 cognised military weapon so late as 1643. (Spalding's Memorialls 

 of the TruUes in Scotland, 11. 270, Spald. Club. ed.). 



List of Hill Forts, Intrenched Camps, etc. in Roxburghshire 

 on the Scotch side of the Cheviots. By James Geikie, 

 LL.D., F.R.S., F.G.S., Murchison Professor of Geology and 

 Mineralogy in the University of Edinburgh. 



In transmitting this valuable paper as a contribution to an 

 attempt to classify and enumerate the Border Camps, and 

 analogous remains of ancient peoples. Dr. Geikie makes a few 

 preliminary observations, in his accompanying letter, which may 

 serve to introduce the subject. "As you are interested in the 

 prehistoric remains of the Cheviots, I enclose a list of the various 

 Camps, Forts, Intrenchments, Standing Stones, and Tumuli, I 

 came across upon the Scotch side while engaged in doing the 

 Geology. I am not aware whether as full a list has been made 

 before. It is worth noting that remains of camps and forts are 

 much more abundant about the head waters of the Beaumont 

 than elsewhere in the Cheviots; — I speak, of course, of the 

 Scotch side. In that same neighbourhood, traces of ancient 

 cultivation are abundant, and the same is the case in the district 

 about Hownam. West of the Kale, camps are few and far 



