F&riSy Gam'ps, etc. in Roxburghshire. By J. Geikie. 147 



secting the more ancient. The situation is commanding, and 

 seems to have been regarded as a place of strength and conven- 

 ience.* Hand mill-stones, arrow-heads, and other implements 

 of former times, have been found in the vicinity. On Eubbers- 

 law, at Wauchope, and in several other places, there are like- 

 wise vestiges of encampments or fortifications. In digging, 

 some time ago, at Langraw, a quantity of ashes and partly con- 

 sumed bones were exposed within a circular area about 18 feet 

 diameter. On these being removed, four holes drilled in the dent 

 or sandstone shale were discovered, in which posts had been 

 secured by small stones crammed in from above. Whether 

 these posts had supported a canopy or a funeral pile, or what 

 had been the purpose of the erection, we are unable to deter- 

 mine." [A hut circle with posts to support the roof, having the 

 domestic fire in the centre, in which bones deprived of their 

 marrow, had been burned. ?] Several urns have been dug up 

 in different situations. Two cairns have been removed within 

 the memory of the present generation ; one on the east side of 

 Eubberslaw, the other at Fodderlee, near to a place where tradi- 

 tion says a battle had been fought, "f 



Several of the weapons and implements disclosed by modern 

 cultivation in the Southdean and neighbouring district have 

 been preserved in the Jedburgh Museum, Jeffrey, **Hist. of 

 Roxburghshire," i. plate 2, has some poor figures of certain of 

 them. Nos. 1 and 2, socketed and single-looped bronze celts 

 were from Southdean Law ; 5 is a bronze knife or razor, dis- 

 covered near Southdean ; 6, an "axe of stone," more correctly a 

 polished stone-celt, was found at Chesters. 7 is a heavy axe- 

 hammer of stone from Howden Moor, Jedburgh. 4 is an iron- 

 spear head from Westerhouses near Abbotrule ; and 8 is a 

 supposed hilt of a Eoman sword from near Abbotrule. Mr 

 James Watson has obliged me with rubbings of such as he met 

 with in the Museum at Jedburgh. There are four bronze celts 

 from Southdean, all different in type, and well worth figuring. 

 They are remarkable for their small size, as if they had been 

 wielded by pigmies. I give the following notes of them, 

 although they cannot be accurately described without drawings 

 or from actual inspection. 



* The writer's derivation of Bonohester from Bona Castra is amusing, 

 t New Stat. Acct. of Roxburghshire, pp. 212-3, 



