Anniversary Address. 2.35 



ancient monuments ; some rudely shaped, others finely polished 

 and fashioned into forms similar to those of axes, knives, and 

 tools of every kind. These flints were employed in certain sacred 

 rites by the Egyptians, the Eomans. and perhaps the Scandi- 

 navians. In every part of the world these flints have beeu 

 found and at great depth, and even under the ruins of Nineveh 

 and Babylon, and along with the bones of extinct species, in 

 undisturbed strata.'' 



The skulls of Neanderthal and Engis and jaw bones found 

 in French caves of the Palaeolithic age, bear strong testi- 

 mony to man's antiquity and mode of life in that part of 

 Europe. 



Sir John Lubbock, an original author on Anthi'opology, 

 observes, that early historians and poets indicated a Bronze 

 age prior to that of Iron, which at the dawn of history was 

 coming into use. This compound of copper and tin was 

 used by the inhabitants of the S wiss lake villages, first made 

 known to us by Keller. 



" Along the shallow edges of the Swiss lakes flourished once 

 upon a time many populous villages built on platforms, supported 

 by piles, exactly as many Malayan villages are now, and from 

 the remains of these we have dredged up arms, bones of animals, 

 pottery and ornaments, grain, and stuff used for wear." 

 Prior to the bronze was the stone age, divided into the 

 Palaeolithic or early stone age, when weapons and imple- 

 ments were unpolished, and the Neolithic with more perfect 

 forms often polished. It is supposed by Boyd Dawkins 

 that two distinct races of men, at that time, inhabited 

 Europe, one allied in habit to the modern Esquimaux, and 

 ignorant of pottery. I heard I3r Latham, the other day, ex- 

 pressing a similar opinion, and that the Celtic race over- 

 spread all Central Europe and Great Britain, except that the 

 Sclavonic race occupied the country on either side of the 

 Lower Danube ; and that previous to the Celts a race of 

 short, round, and curly headed men had been thinly scattered 

 over the British Isles. Few traces of the latter have been 

 found, but they had probably followed quickly upon the 

 Glacial epoch, and their habit of life would probably approx- 

 imate to that of the Esquimaux, 



