Ifotes on British and other Coins. By Miss Eussell. 377 



both, or all three. The same title seems to form part of the name of Prasu- 

 tagus, the husband of Boadicea, who was tributary king in Essex soon after 

 the Roman conquest. These eight coins are all gold ; the five which follow 

 are silver, except one, I think No. 10., which is electrum, a mixture of silver 

 and gold. They show both more originality and more acquaintance with 

 the Greek models than the Yorkshire ones ; the horses, — prancing hog- 

 maned ponies, — are spirited enough. 



No. 9. is one of the well-known coins of Cunobelinus, who was king in 

 Essex just before the Eoman conquest ; it has an ear of corn on the convex 

 side, with CAMV, for Camulodunum his capital, identified with Colchester, 

 or rather the ruins near it ; on the other, the horse, with CVNO. Cunobe- 

 linus was king over two nations or tribes, called respectively (by the Roman 

 writers') Trinobantes, and Catti, Cassi, Cassivellanni, and in one place at least, 

 Catyeuchlani. Now as Trin in Welsh, and Oat or Cad in both Welsh and 

 Gaelic, mean battle, I do not suppose these are really proper names, but mean 

 "warriors." And the coins rather confirm an idea I had formed before 

 referring to them, that there was a mixture of Gaelic Celts — Gael who had 

 never been in Scotland— among the Britons of the south of England. This 

 view makes no difference as to anything historical ; they were all Britons to 

 the Romans, even to the people of the Grampians, and all met them with the 

 same vaHant resistance, though those who had the mountains behind them 

 held out the longest, both in the north and in the west. The idea was first 

 suggested to me by the Gaelic, or Gaelic-and- Welsh, look of some names 

 north-east of London ; and Boadicea's people are described as wearing some- 

 thing very like the tartan which seems to have been characteristic of the old 

 Gael of Scotland, the Picts or Cathbreacan — spotted or plaided warriors— and 

 not to have been worn by the somewhat more civilised Scots in Ireland. But 

 it never struck me that there must have been Gael in Kent at least, at some 

 time, until I saw Dr. Angus Smith's remark, that all the more primitive 

 settlers in Britain would naturally land ia the south-east first, even if coming 

 from the Mediterranean, as they would coast along the continent, and 

 cross with the white cliffs actually in sight. To make for Cornwall or 

 Ireland would imply a much more advanced stage of navigation. It seems 

 to me that the Trinobantes were Dumnonii, and of course Cymri ; Camulodunum 

 sounds much like Cam'rodunum ; while the Catti, whose capital is said to 

 have been at Verulam, that is St Albans, were probably Cathbreacan or Men, 

 as I believe them to have called themselves before they came in contact with 

 the German races, who would very certainly refuse to call the Gael dis- 

 tinctly "Men." That Caesar's Mandubian Gauls lived on the Dubis 

 or Doubs, is even more satisfactory as to there having been Gael 

 who called themselves Men, than the Clackmannan, Slamannan, 

 and Pressmannan, of the east of Scotland, or the Man and Minnoch 

 names which are found in Galloway, &c. , by the dozen ; or the Mona 

 and Menevia which corroborate the theory of a Gaelic population on 

 the coast of "Wales ; or Mannan, still used for part of Meath, which was an 

 outlying portion of the Pictish territory in the north of Ireland. Now one 

 of the sons of Cunobelinus, who was killed fighting the Romans on the line 

 of the Thames, and is said— whether truly or not— to have given name to the 

 Isle of Dogs, is called Togodumnus ; which seems to mean so evidently Leader 



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