Miss Russell's Additional Notes. 601 



Mr Skene shows that the " St Adrian of the May," of the fictitious 

 early history of Scotland, is probably one of the St Odhrans or 

 Orans. Another island in the Firth of Forth is Inchcolm, or Innis St 

 Colme ; and we know that Inchkeith was Oswy's northern stronghold, 

 under its other name of Urbs Giudi, apparently meaning the city of 

 Gwyddyon. The St Helen's Chapel on the northern wall, at Condon, in 

 Stirlingshire, probably marks the limit of the territory which Edwin 

 had acquired, and which the succeeding Saxon kings retained for a long 

 time. I rather imagine it must have been the occupation of Lothian 

 which brought the Britons down on Edwin in 633, as it seems to have 

 been held by the Cumbrians. 



(If I remember right, Hadden and Stubbs have made rather a serious 

 inversion of the Cumbrian geography, by saying that it was at Hoddam 

 in Dumfriesshire that Kentigern spent eight years of his life, instead of 

 at Lochorward in Midlothian. The time was in all probability before the 

 battle of Camlan. The lives of the Welsh saints are evidently composed 

 to suit the hereditary theory of the lona church, which had such extensive 

 influence). 



Mr Skene's observation (C. S. Vol. II., page 49) that the Abbots of 

 Whithorn, the successors of Ninian, as far as we know anything about 

 them, were called Nennio, seems not only to show who the British histoi'ian 

 Nennius was, but to throw an unexpected light on a question which has 

 been very much controverted indeed, namely, how many St Patricks there 

 were. The credit of evangelizing Ireland is divided between three names ; 

 the first, Patrick Maun, or Senn Patrick, there is little or no dispute about ; 

 he went from the coast of Wales to preach in Ireland about 380. " Maun " 

 implies, I suppose, that he was one of the Picts or old Gael, who seem 

 to have called themselves "Men," and that he went from Mona or 

 Menevia to convert the Scots or Irish Gael. " Senn" which sounds like 

 saint, means in Gaelic old, or perhaps here, the original Patrick. Nearly 

 fifty years after, about 428, comes Palladius, who is said to have come to 

 Ireland from the Continent, to have left it shortly for Scotland, but either 

 died or was martyred at Fordoun in Kincardineshire, all within about a 

 year. Immediately after him comes the great St Patrick, about whose 

 extensive work and organization, and, necessarily long life, there is no 

 doubt in the main. But it has been disputed for the last three centuries 

 at least, whether he and Palladius were or were not the same man ; one 

 early writer says they were ; and indeed the history of Palladius would 

 not be much worth recounting otherwise. So that I have no doubt 

 Palladius was the baptismal name of the Patricius who was born at 

 Dumbarton, and carried to the Continent by pirates ; though in his con- 

 fessions, which seem to be genuine, he calls himself by his official name, 

 as one of the successors of old Patrick. The Fordoun legend no doubt 

 arises from the dedication to Palladius there ; and it is worth remarking 

 that there is a place called Kilpalet in Haddingtonshire, no doubt also a 

 Cell dedicated to him in his Scotch aspect. I observe mention of " pre- 

 Patrioian bishops ".in Sir Samuel Ferguson's recent lectures j it is quite 



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