602 Miss Russell's Additional Notes. 



likely that there were different missions settled in different parts of 

 Ireland: but the point is, that the man who really Christianized the 

 country was probably the representative of Patrick Maun. After all, the 

 case is not very different from that of the Abbot of lona, whose official 

 title meant " Heir of Columba-of-the-Church." 



If Kirkhope on the Ettrick in Selkirkshire was really dedicated to St 

 Irene, she is probably the sister of St Damasus of that name, who died in 

 378. This dedication, and the rude figure of the type of the Catacomb 

 symbols found there, seem to refer the church to Ninian's diocese, or at 

 least to the early Eoman-British church. 



I rather think the place called Tuessis — that is, Tweed, in the Eoman 

 geography, may be the Roman station at Newstead, between the Tweed 

 and the Eildon Hills. 



I do not know of any other important Roman locality on the river ; and 

 if it is Newstead, it occurs in a later itinerary, corresponding somewhat to 

 the present roads between Carlisle and Edinburgh. Iberran, Birrenswark ; 

 Pinnatis, somewhere near Penchryst ; Tuessis, Newstead ; Lodone, Lauder ; 

 Litanamagno, Leith. 7th or 8th century. 



The name of the Red Abbey Stead, for a house and some high-ljdng 

 fields at the east end of Newstead, is inexplicable except on the supposition 

 that when the Scotch king agreed to do homage for Cumbria in 945, he 

 bargained to have it in its full extent, and at once built an intermediate 

 Melrose Abbey on the frontier. (This abbey would be under Glasgow 

 from the fixst; Coldingham remained under Durham down to 1484.) 

 Soon after 945, the Northumbrians swore fealty to Edmund's successor, 

 Edred, at Tadwine's Cliffe — which is so obviously a mistake for Eadwine's 

 Cliffe, or the Eildon Hills, that it shows the English kings retained the 

 country so far, down to probably 1018. Some of the oldest Scotch coins 

 have the letters CAR, apparently as the mint-mark. This is not men- 

 tioned, I think, in the large work on the Scottish coinage published some 

 years ago, probably because there seems no other evidence that Malcolm 

 Canmore coined money, than this indication of Scotch coins being struck 

 at Carlisle, and therefore before 1092, when Rufus took Carlisle, and 

 tried to take the country so far as the Leader — " all beyond the Loedr." 



Malcolm, or his next heir, had no doubt done homage for Cumbria to the 

 Saxon kings ; but he set himself against the Conqueror, though there are 

 indications that at one period he paid the homage to him also. 



I see much additional evidence for the view mentioned in the paper on 

 early British coins, that the cup-and-ring cuttings on rocks, &c., were 

 meant for the sun regarded as an eye. It struck me from seeing that 

 circles and dots occurred with Etruscan representations of the Cyclops, 

 who are now supposed to be degraded sun-gods. In India, where rock- 

 cuttings occur much as in Britain, the people sometimes say the ring and 

 dot stands for the sun, sometimes for Mahadeo (the great god) that is, 

 Siva. Siva is sometimes represented with a third eye in his forehead, and 

 the Cyclops are also sometimes depicted with three eyes. It is doubtless 

 from this mythological link not having been observed, that it has not 



