66 Durham Cathedral, by Rev. William Greenwell. 



Normandy at tliat time was full of splendid cliurclies, many 

 lately erected, and it is probable tbat the tbougbt may have 

 passed across the mind of Carilef , tbat if be did return to Dur- 

 ham, he would raise there a more glorious building, and one 

 better adapted to the wants of the new community, than the 

 church he had left behind him. At all events on his return he 

 determined to build a new church, and may we not think that 

 gratitude was the motive which induced him to do this. In the 

 meanwhile, during the time of his exile, as we learn from 

 Symeon, the monks built the refectory, as, says he, it now stands. 

 Symeon lived in the early part of the twelfth century. He 

 therefore speaks with authority. The crypt under the refectory 

 which still exists cannot be later than Symeon's time, and must, 

 therefore, if not a still earlier piece of work, be part of the re- 

 fectory built during Carilef's exile, and is therefore the earliest 

 building we have at Durham in connection with the Monastery. 



I now come to the second part of my address ; you will ask 

 what authority I have for the statements I shall make with re- 

 gard to the dates of the various parts of the church. I have 

 already stated that Symeon, a monk of Durham, lived when a 

 great part of the work at the church was going on, and there- 

 fore his testimony is very important. His history was continued 

 after him by an anonymous writer ; and then we have a further 

 continuation by Geoffrey de Coldingham, Eobert de Graystones, 

 and William de Chambre, together with a number of indulgences 

 from various Bishops, given towards obtaining means for making 

 alterations in the building. These form our series of historic 

 evidences. 



In 1093, on the 11th August, the foundation stone of the new 

 church was laid. There were then present Bishop William of 

 St. Carilef, Turgot the Abbot, and, as another writer says, 

 Malcolm, king of Scotland. If he was present, it is curious 

 that Symeon does not record the fact. The building went on 

 rapidly. The Bishop had been accumulating money for his new 

 church, and he carried on the building of it as far as the first 

 large pier in the nave. The death of Bishop Carilef took place 

 in 1096, and an interval of three years elapsed before the election 

 of Bishop Flambard, in 1099, who is described as great by some 

 and infamous by others. Ealph Flambard was William Eufus' 

 Chancellor, and whether he was infamous or not, he was anyhow 



