VG Durham Castle, by Mr W. H. D. Longstaffe. 



inference from all this probably should be that Pudsey's works there pro- 

 ceeded from the non-existence, or at all events his non-use of the volute, 

 but that they were executed by the architect of Norham Church, who did use 

 it there. Now Pudsey had two successive architects, and perhaps we shall 

 not be far wrong in assuming that the old architect could not altogether 

 shake off the old style, though he carried it to the utmost pitch of refined 

 decoration and lightness, while the new architect, whose works at Darling- 

 ton and other places we need not discuss to-day, could not decline the at- 

 tractions of the new pointed style. 



We hear nothing more of erections at Durham Castle until Chambre tells 

 us that Bishop Hatfield built a curious work on the south side of the choir, 

 near the stalls of the monks, in the middle of which was the ' ' episcopal 

 stall," and a place for his sepulture under the stall, and that "in the castle 

 of Durham he renewed the edifices, which had become consumed or debilitated 

 by antiquity and decay, and constructed afresh {de novo) the episcopal hall 

 and the constable's hall, with other edifices in the same." Now, there are 

 small portions of Hatfield's work in the corner of the castle seen on entering 

 the city from Framwellgate Bridge, but unless he was using old materials 

 wholesale, what is now known as the Great or Hatfield's Hall is manifestly 

 earlier in its details, not later than Bishop Bek's time. Then there are two 

 halls mentioned. The explanation may probably be in the fact that in all 

 seats of consequence there were two halls, the one for state purposes, the 

 other for domestic comfort. The episcojDal hall here mentioned may well 

 have been the bishop's private one. The constable's hall was, of course, an 

 office for the transaction of his business, which was very multifarious, the 

 Constable of the Castle being a sort of Eeceiver- General and responsible for 

 the accuracy of the Pipe Polls of the Palatinate. But this solution does not 

 get over all the difficulty. The same author, Chambre, tells us of the much 

 later prelate. Bishop Foxe, that he transmuted the hall in the Castle of Dur- 

 ham, for whereas there were two seats of regality, one at the top and the 

 other at the bottom of the hall, now he left only the upper one, and on the 

 site of the lower one made a pantry, &c., with two seats above for musicians, 

 &c., works easily recognisable still. He also began to make a hall, kitchen, 

 &c., in the high tower of the castle, but left them unfinished on his transla- 

 tion to Winchester. It seems plain that at some time Pudsey's Hall had 

 ceased to be the princii)al hall before Tunstall encased it with his gallery, 

 from the ground as Chambre and the works themselves show. The only 

 theory that I can offer is that here as at Auckland, for some reason, what 

 became the hall was originally the Great Chamber, standing in the same 

 position, and probably built by the same bishop Bek. It is observable that 

 Pudsey's hall at Durham stands east and west. So does that at Auckland, 

 now the chapel. 



Immediately after the sentence about these works by Hatfield, we have 

 another one, j)lainly suggested by that of the earlier writer about Flambard's 

 wall. Only that wall, as well as Nature, has now to be mentioned. 

 ' ' Although Nature and a wall had sufficiently fortified it, yet he rendered the 

 Dunelmensian city [urbem] stronger by the construction of a very strong 

 tower at his expense in the castle." This is obviously the present keep, the 



