78 Durham Castle, by Mr W. H. D. Longstaffe. 



to Pudsey's period. It now gives access from Bishop Tunstall's gallery 

 to some comparatively modern apartments. This doorway was long hidden 

 by brick and mortar, which was removed by Bishop Barrington (1791-1826). 

 The lower portion shows signs of exposure to the weather. The upper part 

 is perfectly fresh, probably owing to its protection by a sort of penthouse 

 roof open at the sides, which covered a staircase which gave access to it from 

 the courtyard below. The upper hall must have had a high pitched roof. 

 One of the original corbels is visible above the east side of the upper door- 

 way. 



4. The great hall of the Castle is commonly associated with the name of 

 Bishop Hatfield (1345-1382). The great entrance from the courtyard had an 

 external porch added to it by Bishop Cosin after the Eestoration. The inner 

 doorway is clearly earlier than Hatfield's time, and dates probably from 

 Bishop Bek's period (1283-1310). Hatfield no doubt carried out a consider- 

 able work in this and other parts of the Castle, but it is clear that there must 

 have been a great hall in existence on this side of the Castle at an earlier 

 period, replacing probably some Norman buildings. A window on the north- 

 west side of the large fire-place has escaped restoration, and shows banded 

 shafts and caps which undoubtedly belong to the 13th century. In all pro- 

 bability this great hall, originally of the most stately proportions, owes its 

 first foundation to Bishop Bek. Until the time of Bishop Fox (1494-1501) 

 it occupied nearly the whole length of the block of buildings on the west side 

 of the courtyard. The last mentioned prelate divided it, leaving it little 

 more than half its original length, and converted the space gained at the 

 southern end into difEerent chambers and ofiices. His 'ha.&ge — a pelican in 

 her piety— is twice repeated on the wall which forms this division. To 

 Bishop Fox are also due the stone galleries corbelled out on either side, in- 

 tended for trumpeters and musicians. He also added a large and lofty kit- 

 chen and offices. The buttery hatches still remain, of oak, black with age, 

 carved with Fox's badge, and the motto est deo gracia, and the date 1499. 

 Bishop Cosin curtailed the upper part of the hall in order to gain two 

 additional rooms, and the space they occupied is now restored to the hall. 

 He also added a screen, shutting off the tower part of the hall. This has 

 imfortunately not been allowed to remain. 



5. Bishop TunstaU added a gallery, which leads to the present chapel of 

 the Castle, usually known by his name, and built by him. His arms are 

 carved on the jambs of the windows. It was lengthened by Bishop Cosin, 

 but he re-inserted Tunstall's east window. This chapel has recently been 

 carefully restored, under the superintendence of Mr C. Hodgson Fowler. 

 The stalls were brought by Bishop TunstaU from a chapel in Auckland 

 Castle. The misereres of these stalls have much curious carving. The 

 standards have Bishop Ruthall's arms carved on them (1509-1522). 



6. The Keep, externally and internally, is perfectly modern, as far as ap- 

 pearance goes. No ancient work is to be seen, though there can be little 

 doubt that it owes its erection, in the first instance, to WiUiam the Con- 

 queror, and portions of his work are no doubt embedded in some part of the 

 structure. The main part of it, as it stood, a stately and picturesque ruin, 

 previous to its restoration, was probably the work of Bishop Hatfield. 



