146 Effects of the Winter of 1878-9, by James Hard5^ 



Peas and potatoes are so much delayed that I did not get a dish of the 

 former till July 11th, and the latter till July 7th. 

 July I6th, 1879. 



Fowlerry Tower. By George Culley, Esq. 



Winter of 1879; Effect of frost on some of the trees and 

 shrubs at Powberry, on the river Till : — 



Trees, Deciduous.— Apples lost young wood. Oaks lost young wood, 

 and look very miserable now at the end of July, with, in some cases, only a 

 few tufts of leaves on stems and limbs. Some have apparently lost two years' 

 wood, and there is a great difference between common oaks standing side by 

 side. The same thing happened after the winter of 1860. Other ordinary 

 deciduous trees, except Wych Elms, are in as good foliage as I ever saw 

 them. In 1860 many Ashes, Limes, and Wych Elms were so split that you 

 could put your arm into themj but nothing of that kind took place during 

 last winter. 



Conifers. — Ce^rMs Atlantica, three specimens transplanted in 1860, lolled. 

 Cedrus Beodara all killed, including two which survived 1860. Cedrus Libani, 

 the only specimen I had, a tree of about 50 years of age, was killed in 1860. 

 I lost all my Araucarias in 1860 ; I did not replace them. Cupressus Law- 

 soniana, several fine specimens damaged in patches ; one large one near the 

 river, I think, killed ; two good plants at Chatton Vicarage killed. No plant 

 has altogether escaped. 



Taxus. — Common Yews terribly damaged ; I am afraid they will have to 

 be cut dowh to snow-marks in many cases. As far as I remember the Yews 

 were not hurt in 1860, and some of the plants now apparently killed are 70 

 or 80 years old. Nothing has surprised me so much as the damage to the 

 English Yews. Irish Yews all damaged. 



Thuja cmrea killed. Thuja gigantea, two near the river apparently killed, 

 others all damaged. Wellingto7nas all badly damaged, and very unsightly. 



Evergreens. — Laurels— Bay and Portugal both killed down to snow- 

 marks. Hollies nearly all killed down to snow-mark ; the only Holly unhurt 

 is a smooth-leafed specimen, which also stood unhurt through 1860. As to 

 Laurels and Hollies, the state of things is very like 1860, when plants, which 

 must have been then 50 years old, were killed down to snow -marks. Ivy, 

 all sorts damaged, some killed; about the same thing happened in 1860, 

 when the Ivy covering the west end of the house was altogether destroyed. 



Box.- Several sorts badly damaged. Privet.— Many plants killed. 



Aucuba Japonica slightly damaged ; was kiUed to snow-mark in 1860. 



Rjiododendrons. — Fonticimi, several plants killed, others damaged ; Cataw- 

 biense and some other Ehododendrons unhurt, but flowered badly. 



Some of the better Conifers, which are unhurt: — Abies Albertiana, Abies 

 Canadensis, Abies Bouglasi, Abies Menziesi, Abies orientalis, Biota orientalis, 

 Cupressus NootJcaensis, Cupressus Lobbi, Picea grandis, Picea lasiocarpa, Picea 

 Zowi, Picea nobilis, Picea Nordmanniana, Pinus Austriaca, Pinus Cembra, 

 Pinus Lambertiana, Pinus Laricio, Pinus ponderosa, Pinus radiata, 



July 2%th 1879. 



