On the Effects of the Winter of 1879-80. 



315 



being split from top to bottom, which indicated that the growth had not been 

 completed. The unfavourable summer conditions for healthy development of 

 perfectly ripened wood, will be better understood by quoting the rainfall and 

 sunshine in hours, for the two years preceding 1879 : — 



Year 1877.— Eainfall, 46.06 ; Sunshine, 1572 hours. 



,, 1878.— Do. 35.46; * Do. 1760 „ 



„ 1879.— Do. 33.92; Do. 1375 „ 



The great amount of rain in 1877 affected the growth of 1878 ; which in 



turn retarded the rising of the sap in 1879. Again, in August, 1877, the 



rainfall amounted to 7.98 inches ; August, 1878, 5.64 inches ; while in June 



and July, 1879, the rainfall was 5.32 and 6.40 inches respectively, or, about 



llf inches ; and the sunshine in hours only amounted to 244 for these months, 



or 2 hours less than we had in July, 1878. The following is a list of trees 



and shrubs killed and injured, principally at elevations under 300 feet above 



the level of the sea ; above that the destruction was not so great : — 



Laburnum. 



Oaks (Common and Turkey) . 

 Yew (Common and Irish). 

 Mountain Ash. 

 Chestnut (Spanish). 

 Abies Menziesi. 

 Araucaria imbrioata. 

 Cedrus Atlantica. 



,, Deodora. 



, , Libani. 

 Cupressus Lawsoniana. 



,, viridis. 

 Picea Pinsapo. 

 Thuja Lobbi. 

 Wellingtonia gigantea. 

 Thorns, of sorts. 

 Apricots on walls. 

 Peaches do. 

 Nectarines do. 

 Eoses, especially Standards. 

 Berberis vulgaris. 



Box Tree, of sorts. 

 Cotoneaster. 

 Holly (Common). 

 Laurel (Common). 



,, Portugal. 

 Privet, of sorts. 

 Rhododendron Ponticum. 

 Arborvitse. 

 Aucuba Japonica. 

 Garrya elliptica. 

 Laurustinus. 

 Pyracanthus. 

 Pyrus Japonica. 

 Philadelphus grandiflorus. 

 -Ribes sanguineum var. album. 

 Sweet Bay. 

 Aristolochia sipho. 

 Escallonia macrantha. 

 Lonicera, of sorts. 

 Hedera, of sorts. 



Jasminum, of sorts. 



A great proportion of the above were killed ; and others cut down to the 

 snow line, the snow being fortunately about nine inches deep. Laurels in 

 most instances have come away from the root. 



January, 1881. 



EAST LOTHIAN. 



North Berwick. By Mr Thomas Lees. 

 I beg to give the following answers to your questions :— As regards the 

 effects of the last two severe winters on trees, shrubs, and garden pro- 

 ducts, I cannot find that the severe frost or cold has in any way effected 

 trees. Many of the sprouts succumbed to the severity and sudden frost of 



In 



