522 Rude Stone Antiquities of Brittany. By Miss Russell. 



dangerous morass which was here till recent times must have 

 been at one time, though not necessarily then, the extreme out- 

 work of the Cumbrian possessions, in connection with Wedale. 

 St Mungo occurs in the east of Lammermoor, and Longformacus 

 has in all probability been a Welsh Llanfair-Maccus — Maccus' 

 church of Mary. Two or three standing-stones I know near the 

 west coast have evidently been set up without regard to the form. 

 The two unmarked standing-stones near which the inscribed stone 

 was found in the Yarrow vallej 7 , are I think both flat and com- 

 paratively broad ; and as the most distinct part of the inscription 

 refers to the interment of two brothers under it, there is a sort 

 of suggestion of the other stones, which have always stood 

 upright, having marked the places where they had fallen in 

 battle. Bones and charcoal were found under the inscribed slab, 

 the charcoal being a very common feature of old interments 

 whether as a reminiscence of cremation or not. The stone at 

 Cardrona, on the Tweed, is about four feet high, and thick in 

 proportion. The proper name of the farm at Cardrona is 

 Standingstone. 



The stone most like the Breton-type that I know in Scotland 

 is that on the east or south side of the East Lothian Tyne, not 

 far from its mouth ; a slender standing-stone, eight or ten feet 

 high, and sunk nearly as much in the ground, which has been 

 deeply excavated without finding anything. But this one would 

 like to connect with one of the Jarls who were killed in the battle 

 on Tynemoor, in Scotland, in the last actual invasion of Scotland 

 by the Norsemen. There are several other standing-stones in 

 the neighbourhood. 



The circles of separate stones are in a great number of cases 

 tombs of the " bronze " age, and connected with flower-pot urns 

 and human ashes, though I think the bones were found entire in 

 those which Dr Petrie saw broken up in such numbers on the 

 so-called battlefield of Moytura, in Ireland. The bronze itself 

 might have been used ceremonially, for the indications of metals 

 and other things as to date, are even less satisfactory when they 

 are found in tombs, than in other connections. There is a curious 

 account of a woman in the Western Isles making rude miniature 

 potter}' - , like that found in what were supposed to be very old 

 graves, before the eyes of some of our best authorities, and baking 

 them in her cottage fire. That rough flints were intentionally 

 buried with the dead, in some cases down to the Middle Ages, 



