74 Report of Meetings for 1 887. By J. Hardy. 



twelve castles and forts in the district of the Kale. The name 

 Eule, according to Chalmers in his "Caledonia," is merely the 

 British Khull, meaning that which moves briskly, or breaks out, 

 descriptive of a mountain torrent. 



Here the excerpts from Mr Watson's contribution terminates. 

 Too late for reaching the meeting, I was favoured with some 

 geological guide notes sent by Professor Geikie, which I preserve 

 here for future use. 



" Near Bairnkin, there is a small stream which has cut its way down 

 through the Red Sandstones to the Silurians— the unconformable junction 

 being well seen in the glen. In Swinnie Moor yon have the Old Red Sand- 

 stone. Bonchester Hill is capped with a sheet of Dolerite ; and down in 

 the valley of the Eule (near the Mill, if I remember rightly), you will sec 

 a dyke of Dolerite which crosses the stream. The Rale flows through the 

 Red Sandstones all the way from that point down to below Redrule. 

 Rubers-law is the root or neck of an old volcano. The highest portions of 

 this hill consist of Basalt rock (Dolerite) and Volcanic tuff=the materials 

 which fill up the old orifice or funnel. The Dnnion is another volcanic 

 neck, and associated with it are Volcanic-tuff (ashes) and sheets of Dolerite. 

 Various smaller volcanic foci are dotted about the hill-slopes above Bedrule 

 — but they do not make any surface-feature. Yon will not see them— unless 

 you hunt carefully all the drains and ditches ! " 



A magnificent view awaited us on the Dnnion road, like a 

 sudden revelation of new lands to. adventurous mariners; gradu- 

 ally revealing itself more and more in shadow and light, as the 

 lingering mists were dispelled by the increasing power of the 

 sun-beams. In the south were Carter and Peel Pells. Wind- 

 burgh and one of "The Paps," and a hill next it, shaped 

 like Skelf-hill. Then passing on by the Moffat hills above 

 Loch Skene, in a land of darkness, the eye caught the blue range 

 at the head of Douglas Water, and singled out the Bowhill 

 heights. Nearer were the triple Eildons, so near that we could 

 trace their every feature, and then the low ground, with lesser 

 elevations, away by Kelso. The Browndean Laws among the 

 head tributaries of the Oxnam and Kale were very distinct, 

 although the shadows were on them. Nearer were Minto hills, 

 and woods, its grey Craigs crowned by the Observatory, and the 

 woods of Chesters, Ancrum, and Monteviot. Puberslaw became 

 almost beatified backed by a silvery sky — the local " Cynosure " 

 and "star of Arcady " of that romantic land. All felt transported 

 with that glorious evening scene in this, the richest section, of 

 "pleasant Teviotdale." 



Beneath us stood Menslaws, Newton, and Pewcastle. Kei'sfield. 



