214 Report of Meetings for 1888. By J. Hardy. 



Representative Silver Fir, Deanbanks, Opposite 

 Longwood. 

 45 X 31-l = 310 ) 

 No. 1. 20 X 35£ = 175 672 feet. 



Tips = 187 ) 



at o 10 X 40^ = 113 | _„ „ , 



No - 2 ; 50 X 36 = 450 j 563 feet 

 Height, 112 feet. Soil, Black Loam. 

 Situation, by Esk river side. 

 Age say 150 years. 

 Representative Ash, Forge. 

 Containing 302 cubic feet. 

 Height, 70 feet. Altitude, 140 feet. 

 Situation, sheltered. Soil, Gravelly Loam. 

 Age about 300 years. 



After reaching home I sent a few observations on the geological 

 features that had come under notice to Mr Hugh Miller, F.G.S., 

 etc., who had surveyed the adjacent district of Cumberland, asking 

 his opinion on some doubtful points. He has kindly replied in 

 a valuable letter, extracts from which forming an interesting 

 comment on the day's work, follow : 



" The Red Sandstone quarries near Liddel Moat are in one of 

 the sandstones of the St Bees' group of the Permian formation : — 

 genuine New Red therefore, all the other sandstones which you 

 mention [the red scaur opposite Canonbie church] in your letter 

 are Stained Carboniferous, not New Red at all, only coloured up, 

 and turned out to look like New Red. There is nothing New 

 Red about them but the colour. Curiously enough, however, 

 while they themselves are pure Carboniferous, the red colour, 

 produced by peroxide of iron, is genuine New Red. In recent 

 geological times, comparatively recent, that is, they have been 

 covered by an extension of the Liddel Moat Sandstone, now 

 denuded away ; and the colour permeated down. You find it 

 passing furthest down through the most porous sandstones. The 

 shales, less permeable, are often imperfectly stained while the 

 sandstones have become of a warm red : but the shales where 

 stained have taken on the colour more deeply and are often 

 almost disgustingly sanguinary. I have seen sections where the 

 unhealthy blood red had soaked down into shales along their 

 joints, and spread out therefrom in patches so obviously the 

 result of a down-drip of red as to make one think almost 



