Report of the Meetings for 1894. 73 



2 — A Norman one, of which there are remains of an east 

 window preserved ; also of some zigzag tracery, probably of 

 the south door, which have been built into the present walls 

 in two or three different places, above the chancel arch at 

 the west end, and on both sides of the south door. 



3. — A transitional one, of which there are also remains. 



4. — The present Church, of which probably the chancel is 

 the oldest part; this Church was in the early English style. 



It is thought that the Church of the transitional period 

 was the finest. 



There were three Churches within the space of 50 years. 

 So the styles of architecture tell us, and history corroborates 

 the fact. 



There was an incursion of the Scots under David I., which 

 ended in his defeat at the Battle of the Standard. This 

 was in 1138. No doubt, on his way into Yorkshire, his 

 forces came down along the coast, plundering and destroying 

 on their way, and the Norman Church at Bothal suffered 

 among the rest. 



It was rebuilt in the transitional style. Again, in 1174, 

 there was another Scotch incursion under William the Lion. 

 Probably the Church was again destroyed, and rebuilt as 

 it partly stands at present. The Saxon crosses in the 

 churchyard would be wantonly broken, and the remains used 

 in the rebuilding. 



There is an old date on the door, 1578, scarcely decipherable, 

 but the same date was found on one of the beams in the 

 roof, and has been cut out and let into the door. 



In rebuilding and pointing the walls, sugar was mixed 

 with the water in making the mortar, in the proportion of I 

 lb. to a gallon, with the result that it set like cement. 



BoTHAii Castle. 



The middle shield above the gateway, the only part of the 

 original building which has been left standing, bears the 

 arms of Edward III., the lilies of France, and the leopards 

 of England, but wrongly quartered. 



Froissart tells the story that when Edward III., on his 

 accession, quart ere(^ the arms of Fra-nce with those of England^ 



