Coniferous Timber of Commerce. 10 1 



4. PiNUS AusTRALis, MiCHAux. — (60—70 feet.")— This tree, 

 of the highest economical value, is known both in the 

 countries which produce it, and in those to which it is exported, 

 by different names. In Great Britain it is universally known 

 as Pitch Pine, and is much used in ecclesiastical, as well 

 as in domestic architecture. In the Northern States, where 

 it is much in request for shipbuilding, it is known as 

 Southern Pine or Eed Pine, as it makes splendid masts, 

 which are very red in colour. These may be sometimes 

 observed in vessels unloading in Tweedmouth Dock. The 

 turpentine, tar, resin, etc., manufactured in the States, are 

 almost exclusively produced by this species. Babitat — The 

 Southern States; not hardy enough for our climate, though 

 occasionally met with in Pinetucns, occupying favoured 

 situations. Shipping port— Mobile in Alabama. Pinus rigida 

 Mill has often been cultivated as the Pitch Pine, and was 

 introduced into England in 1759, or thereabouts ; and although 

 "it is hardly more resinous than other pines" (Dr Mayr), 

 it has been much used for the manufacture of tar and 

 turpentine; in fact, to such an exent that it is now rarely 

 found in the States. It was "occasionally cut up into 

 coarse lumber" — so there is no reason to suppose that any 

 of our Pitch Pine, as imported, is the wood of rigida. 



5. PicEA ExcELSA, LiNK (75 — 130 feet.) The Common 

 Spruce Fir, or Norway Spruce, known among builders as 

 Baltic Fir or Baltic White Spruce. It supplies the White 

 Wood, or White Deals of Commerce, so called in contra- 

 distinction to Eed Deals (Scotch Pine) ; and receives a further 

 denomination from the places whence it comes, as "Archangel," 

 or "St. Petersburg White Deals," etc., which have acquired 

 a reputation for quality. Largely used. Habitat — Europe, 

 from almost the limits of arborescent vegetation in the north, 

 about Lat. 68°, as far south as the Alps and Pyrenees. 

 Introduced into this country in 1548, very hardy, everywhere 

 to be met with, and highly useful as a nurse. With increasing 

 age its appearance alters, and its fine sweeping and feathery 

 branches hang down in the most pleasing and graceful manner. 



6. PioEA NIGRA, Link (50 — 80 feet.) — The Black Spruce. 

 Commercially, Spruce. Imported very largely by the Messrs 



