10? Coniferous Timber of Commerce. 



Alla,n, in Deals only. Habitat — North America and New- 

 foundland. Introduced into England about 1700, and often 

 seen, but it has not much to recommend it to the British 

 arboriculturist. The Black Spruce, which holds relatively the 

 same position in the economic sense among the Ooniferae of 

 North-east America, as the Norway Spruce among those of 

 Europe, is very largely in demand both in the States, Canada, 

 and for exportation. It is also the tree from which Spruce 

 Beer is made. 



7. TsuGA Canadensis, Carr (45—60 feet.) — The Hemlock 

 Spruce. Commercially, Hemlock. The name at first was 

 suggested by the appearance of some of the branches and 

 leaves, reminding somewhat of the leaves of the poisonous 

 hemlock of the umbelliferous family. Habitat — Chiefly Canada, 

 Eastern North America, and the New England States. Intro- 

 duced into Britain in 1836. Wood comparatively inferior, 

 and chiefly used for laths. The bark much used by American 

 tanners, though no longer so by English. A graceful, 

 ornamental tree, frequently to be seen with us. 



8. PsEUDOTsuGA DouGLASii, Carr (200 — 300 feet.) — The 

 Douglas Fir; Sargent, in his "Forest Trees of North 

 America," states that two varieties are distinguished by 

 lumbermen, dependent, probably, upon the age of the tree, 

 "yellow" and "red pine." There is no great demand for 

 this wood in the Tweedraouth Woodyard, where it is known 

 by the name of the locality whence it comes, "Columbian," 

 "Oregon," or "Vancouver Pine," though it is of good 

 quality, has a pleasant yellowish tinge, and takes a good 

 polish. Habitat — North Western America and Vancouver 

 Island, where it is one of the grandest of the group of giants 

 which combine to form the forests of the far west. Introduced 

 into Britain in 1827, and now commonly met with in our 

 plantations, in its infantine stages principally, but generally 

 far too crowded ; for, to give it fairplay, it should have a 

 clear space, with a radius of 30 feet or more assigned to it. 

 To form an idea of the stupendous dimensions attained by 

 this noble tree, it is necessary to visit its native forests, as 

 I have had an opportunity of doing. It makes splendid 

 masts. A flagstaff of Douglas Fir, 159 feet high, 12 feet 



