188 Scotch Place- Names. By Miss Russell. 



— the word which formed league, in the sense of milestone. 

 It would seem as if some rock must have tumbled down, 

 since Leckmoram Ness was named the great flagstone. 



Mr Shaw mentions that the old name of Congalton is 

 Knock an Gall, the Knowe of the Strangers. This certainly 

 suggests a Q-aelic population in Lammermoor at least ; while 

 the strangers were probably Saxons, though they might have 

 been Britons. Gall is the word now used in the Highlands 

 for a Lowlander, in contradistinction to a Sassenach or 

 Englishman, or a Gael or Highlander ; but it means 

 "stranger." Gael and Gall have been occasionally confused, 

 not very unnaturally ; but they are totally different words. 

 Gael is still spelt with the silent D, as Gadheal, and my 

 idea is that it was probably connected with the Oath and 

 Cad words for battle, and meant " warrior." While Gall, 

 which I imagine to be the name for Celts, known to the 

 Romans, and which named Gallia and Galatia, is a word 

 spread through so many languages that one can only suppose 

 it meant " person." Fellow and girl are two of the English 

 forms. 



The name of Lothian, it has never been disputed, is from 

 Loth — the name by which Llew or Leo, the son of Cynmaich, 

 is remembered. One of the "Welsh poems, which gives him 

 his full titles, shows that he was called Llew Llwyd. Llwyd 

 means grey in modern Welsh ; but in this and some other 

 early cases, I think, it must be an old form of Arglwyd, the 

 modern word for Lord, as the Ar is merely "high," and 

 the G is much used as a grammatical indication. It has 

 been suggested before now that the Nythan Llwyd, killed 

 in battle by Cerdic, the Saxon founder of our royal family, 

 is Uthyr Pendragon ; and if Nythan Llwyd means Serpent 

 Lord, as in this light it would, they are probably the same 

 person. Uthyr is said to have received the sobriquet of 

 Pendragon because of a dragon-like comet which appeared 

 at the time he was elected Guledic (which may be rendered 

 Life-Dictator.) Llew is often called King Lot of Orkney; 

 and as we know now that he was King of the Picts in right 

 of his wife Gwiar, and that Oswy, a century later, reigned 

 over them as far north as Caithness, in right of his wife 

 Maelsneth (in which fact I see the original germs of the 

 English Claims) it is possible that Orkney may not be merely 



