THE HEADS OF BOWMONT WATER 187 



the forts or in the valleys, the entrances to which are commanded 

 by them. The general character of the homestead enclosures 

 is that they are sunk into the slope on their higher side, 

 and have usually a single mound on the lower side and the 

 ends only. Some of these enclosures are of considerable size. 

 No. 12 on the Map, of which a measured Plan also follows, 

 gives a good example of the general characteristics of this class, 

 though it is not nearly so extensive as some of the others. 

 No. 16 of which an extended drawing is given, is also evidently 

 of the homestead type, but it has characteristics, arising 

 from its situation, which make it quite unique. 



Extended Plans are also engraved of the two forts visited by 

 the Club — No. 1. Calroust Castles, and No. 8. Sourhope or Park 

 Hill Fort. 



I have shown, on the south-west corner of the Map, 

 Blackbrough fort (No. 25,) which, though it faces towards the 

 heads of Kale water, evidently belongs, from the nature of 

 the ground and its own approaches, to the tribe occupying 

 the heads of Bowmont. 



The large fort, known as Hownam Rings, has the appearance 

 of having also belonged to the same tribe. The works are 

 drawn as against an enemy expected from the Kale valley ; 

 but its inclusion in this map would have been inconvenient. 



Numerous as are the ancient enclosures noted in this area, 

 I am of opinion that closer research would largely increase 

 the number. On every visit to the district, in diverging 

 from former routes, additions have been made to those 

 previously known. 



Winding amongst these forts and pastoral enclosures are 

 extensive fragments of hollow-ways or tracks, serving the 

 purpose of roads. These are of a similar type to the Catrail 

 in Teviotdale and Ettrick Forest. 



A very fine example crosses the meadow-land to the south of 

 Kelso Cleuch, between Kelso Cleuch Burn and the Back Burn. 

 On the east side of Kelso Cleuch Burn there are faint traces of 

 the same line. It seems to have curved up under the large 

 fort on the White Knowe (No. 19) and passing it can be 

 traced faintly for a short distance up the ridge of Oocklaw, 

 but it is also plainly seen where it mounts to the summit of the 

 rid^e, and crosses into the heads of Coquetdale- Westward 



