312 The bedshiel kaims 



chalk flints, and a considerable variety of rocks, such as 

 gneiss and mica schist, which are certainly foreign to the 

 district. These may well have been dropped from floating 

 ice, and may easily have come from the coast of Aberdeen- 

 shire, though there is nothing to show their exact present 

 source. It is not unlikely that they may have been first of 

 all transported into the North Sea area, and have undergone 

 many changes of locality before they finally settled into 

 their present position. 



The subsidence and the subsequent re-elevation of the 

 land have given rise to several phenomena which are of 

 interest to students of the geology of Berwickshire. The 

 uprise of the land was intermittent, with pauses of some 

 length between each uplift. If we may judge by what is 

 seen at Euddons Point, between Elie and Largo, in Fife, 

 there were seven uplifts, between each of which the sea 

 notched a shelf on the margin -of the land. Vestiges of 

 some of these old terraces are to be seen here and there 

 along the Berwickshire coast. 



The same uplift of the land brought about also a 

 temporary increase in the flow of the parts of the rivers 

 near the sea-level, in consequence of which old alluvial 

 terraces have been cut through, and newer channels have 

 been formed one after another at lower levels. The late 

 Mr Milne Home aroused a considerable amount of interest 

 through his published works dealing with those old river 

 terraces. 



Furthermore, with an increase in the gradient of the 

 stream courses followed increased eroding power ; and the 

 denes,* of which that of Peaseburn may be taken as a 

 type, were excavated along what our Grerman friends call 

 the thalweg of each burn. 



For an opportunity of studying these denes, the Eskers, and 

 much else that is of interest in the geology of Berwickshire, 

 I desire to express my thanks to Captain Norman, R.N., a 

 past President of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club. 



* The term " dene " is here used for a small cauon within a large 

 valley. Its etymology is well known. 



