62 REPORT OE^ THE MEETINGS FOR 1899 



Appendix II. 



Notes by Mr Ralph Richardson, F.R.S.E., F.S.A. {Scot.), 



Gattonside House, on the Geological Phenomena 



observed during the Club's Excursion, 



on 23rd August 1899. 



(1) River Terraces. — In the map of the Geological Survey 

 (Kelso, Sheet 25) the valley of the Tweed from Dryburgh 

 dowu to Makerstoun is distinguished by no fewer than four 

 river terraces. The oldest of these stretches along the south 

 bank of the river from opposite Dryburgh. and curving 

 southwards by Grreycrook (170 feet) to Mainhill and Hiltons- 

 hill (100 feet), passes to the south and east of Maxton (50 

 feet.) Another ancient terrace runs from near Ploughlands 

 (50 feet) to Rutherford Mill. The more recent terraces occupy 

 the haughland of the Tweed above and below Dryburgh. 

 As I have ascertained by aneroid, the more ancient terraces 

 occasionally rise between one and two hundred feet above 

 the river, and show at how much higher a level it once 

 flowed than it does at present. When the Tweed flowed at 

 the level of the oldest terrace, the spur on which Lessudden 

 (St. Boswells) now stands was, on its north-east and south 

 sides, washed by the waters of the Tweed now in some 

 places half a mile distant.* 



There is no ground, however, for supposing that a lake 

 occurred here, or is evidenced by such terraces, for, besides 

 other reasons, thej' appear at intervals along the Tweed and 

 all rivers. Thus, an ancient terrace stretched from Allerly 

 and Gattonside (175 feet) to the Pavilion on the north 

 bank of the Tweed ; and from Huntly Burn (150 feet) past 

 Abbotsford to Faldonside (50 feet) on the south bank; whilst 

 another old terrace stretched from the south side of Gala- 

 shiels round the Rink Hill (125 feet) to the heights above 

 Fernielee (125 feet); and another formed the opposite bank 

 at Raelees Yair (70 feet) and Sunderland Hall.f 



* See Geolo^ieal Notes by Mr Richardson in the Club's Proceedings 

 for 1896, p. 38. - 

 ■ t Heights of terraces, by aneroid, above present normal level of the 

 Tweed. ..... . , 



