REPORT OF THE MEETINGS FOR 1899 63 



(2) Sedimentary Eocks. — East of Newtown St. Boswells, 

 such rocks belong to the Upper Old Eed Sandstone series, as 

 testified by the discovery in them of Holoptychius nohilissimus 

 by the late Mr Charles W. Peach, in June 1873, as recorded 

 by him at page 400 of the second volume of the Transactions 

 of the Edinburgh Geological Society. Mr Peach found this 

 characteristic Old Red fish in sandstones in the quarry on 

 the Black Hill of Earlston, and observes: — "Similar sand- 

 stone beds occur on both sides of the Tweed near Dryburgh, 

 and I have no doubt that, if quarried and closely searched, 

 similar fish-remains would be found there. These rocks 

 belong to the Old Eed Sandstone." Mr Charles W. Peach 

 was the father of that eminent member of the Scottish 

 Geological Survey, Mr Benjamin N. Peach, who spent several 

 years surveying the district comprised in sheet 25 (Kelso) 

 published in December 1879. 



I may add that fragments of a specimen of Holoptychius 

 nobilissimus from the Black Hill of Earlston, perhaps Mr 

 Charles Peach's specimen, are now in the Museum of Science 

 and Art, Edinburgh. 



A little to the west of Eingley Hall, a fault occurs which 

 brings down Porphyrite, interbedded in Oalciferous Sand- 

 stones, on the Upper Old Eed Sandstones, and marks the 

 eastern boundary of the latter. The Tweed has cut its 

 way through the Porphyritic barrier extending from Eingley 

 Hall to the Trows ferry ; but, about 1797, Sir Henry Hay 

 Makdougal of Makerstoun caused rocks in midstream below 

 Makerstoun to be blown up, and thus afforded a better 

 passage for the river. 



(3) Igneous Eocks. — According to Mr Benjamin Peach, 

 Trachytic Igneous Eocks welled up through the Old Eed 

 Sandstones of this district, and formed a more or less 

 horizontal belt, the denuded remains of which now cap the 

 hills and give them their distinctive features. (Address to 

 the Scottish Natural History Society's Field Meeting, at 

 Melrose, 23rd April 1898.) The great volcanic vent of the 

 Eildon Hills, with its solidified ash, now used as building 

 stone ; similar volcanic Agglomerate, indicating volcanic 

 vents at the Holms, Ancruni Moor, and Down Law ; the 

 Basaltic Crags of Bemersyde, Maxton, and Craigover ; with 



