LANDOWNING IN NOETHUMBERLAND 131 



chise of Redesdale," and the Baronies of Alnwick, Morpeth, 

 Mitford, Bolam, Delaval, and probably Whalton, and the 

 Manors of Chevington and Dilston, the county being in 

 the hands of the Crown after the death of Earl Waltheof. 

 William Rufus granted the Barony of Bailliol. Henry I. 

 the Baronies of Wooler, Wark, Beanley, Prudhoe, Bolbec, 

 Einildon, Bothal, Heron, and Ellingham, and the Manors of 

 Budle and Spindleston, Bradford and Grosforth. The Manors 

 remaining' to the Crown being Bamburgh, Newcastle, Wark- 

 worth, Rothbiuy, Corbridge, aod Newburn, and the district 

 of Tindale. A few small estates were held by sergeanty, 

 and a considerable number were still possessed under the 

 old Saxon tenure of Drengage or Theinage. 



With the establishment of the military tenure and knights' 

 service, we find in the county a mixture of Norman and 

 Saxon customs. The Norman lords, in taking possession of 

 their baronies, would appear to have taken over also the 

 tenants or occupiers of land, and allowed them to continue 

 under their old tenures. We have thus in the same district 

 the Norman service by knights' fees alongside the old tenure 

 of Thanage and Drengage, by which the tenants were 

 obliged to cultivate the lord's lands, reap his harvest, etc. ; 

 the old impost of Danegeld, originally levied to bribe the 

 Danes to leave the coast, and the Norman impost of cornage 

 or noutgeld, and of Castle Ward by service for defence of 

 the lord's castle. All those services were from time to time 

 converted into money payments, rents being first paid in 

 money a.d. 1135. 



In 31 Henry 1st (1131) the profits of the County and 

 the Royal Manors were fanned by Odard, the Sheriff, at 

 £139 5s. O^d., out of which had to be deducted fixed 

 charges amounting to £10 iTs. 6d. annually. 



In 49 Henry 3rd (1265) the cornage paid to the Crown 

 by the owners of the several baronies and lands amounted 

 to £18 48. 6d. 



In the Testa de Nevil is given a full and particular 

 account of all the lands and services in Northumberland, 

 with the names of the possessors. From this the following 

 extract is given regarding "the Barony of Bolbec," one of 

 these granted by Henry I. : — 



