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Report to the President and Members of the Berwick- 

 shire Naturalists' Club of the British Association and, 

 Meetings of Delegates at their Yearly Congress, from 

 the 5th to the imh September 1900. By G. P. Hughes, 

 F.R.G.S., Middleton Hall. 



Mr PfiEsinENT AND Gentlemen, 



In fulfilment of the trnsfc reposed in me by the 

 President and Members of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club at 

 their Annual General Meeting in October 1899, I submit my report 

 of the Meeting of Delegates from Corresponding Scientific Societies 

 of the United Kingdon to the Congress of the British Association at 

 Bradford, in September last. Just 27 years have intervened between 

 the previous meeting of the Society at Bradford in 1873 and that of 

 this year. In the course of that time the population and area of 

 the city have more than doubled, partly by the absorption of suburban 

 villages, some of which have been almost entirely remodelled. In 

 order to meet the demands of sanitation and convenience of a large 

 widespread population, a thoroughly new and enlarged system of 

 sewage disposal, water supply, and electric car traffic has been 

 completed, the latter being equal to any I have seen in this country, 

 or America. Benefiting by the natural surface water supply from 

 the elevated moors and radiating valleys of Upper Wharfedale, the 

 manufacturers of Bradford, Shipley, and Keighley, which adjoin 

 each other, have been able, economically, to enlarge the manufacture 

 of woollen fabrics, and compete with Leeds, whose water supply is 

 less abundant, with ease and advantage. 



At Saltaire, within electric car distance of Bradford, a large and 

 admirably conducted town, manufactories of soft goods, mohair, 

 alpaca, and other foreign wools, etc., have sprung up in the 

 course of the last half-century, and are the property of the 3rd 

 generation of the Salt family, by whom it was originally founded. 

 In the immediate vicinity of Bradford, the iron industry, in the form 

 of gun and iron bridge factories, has been greatly developed at Low 

 Moor, where prosperity reigns at this moment and seems ensured 

 for years to come. 



Clay is not abundant in Upper Wharfedale, but by artificial means 

 the boulder clay, containing much stone and shale, is converted into 

 a substance applicable to the finest purposes. However, the sandstones 

 of the adjoining hills are well nigh inexhaustible, and vary from 

 the hardest grit to the fine stone of which the Town Hall and 

 other public buildings of the city are erected. Much prepared 

 sandstone is trained elsewhere, the calliard, gannister, or millstone 

 grit being well adapted for dock gates, the basements of large 

 U 



