144 CRAILING OU TRAVERLINN 



A few hill names are distinctly Welsh. Pen in fact is only 

 about one remove from a living word ; Pont gives the Pen of 

 Eskdale Moor ; and I was only slowly convinced that the Lee 

 Pen, the picturesque pointed liill opposite Inverleithen, was 

 not a Gaelic Ben Lia, a grey or stony hill, but the Pen of the 

 Lee, a farm with an old tower in the valley of the Leithen. 

 Penchryst is pronounced Pen-Christ ; and I should be inclined 

 to connect Penangushope (though I do not know exactly if 

 it is a hill) with the Welsh St. Angus of Balquidder. The 

 Dunion, the hill of St. John, near Jedburgh, is Gaelic, and 

 has a duplicate near Inverness. The Herman Law, at the 

 head of St. Mary's Loch, shows that a remembrance of St. 

 German had come down to Saxon times. Andre whinny, for the 

 higher hill on the other side of the road into Dumfriesshire, 

 it certainly Andrew Hen, St. Andrew, who would be adopted 

 about 700 by the Cumbrians. 



I observe an interesting Gaelic word, which we have not, 

 as far as I know, either in Roxburghshire or Selkirkshire, 

 much further south ; though I am not altogether surprised 

 to find it where it is. 



In the Northern Counties Magazine for April 1901, there 

 is an extract from a North Yorkshire dialect poem of date 

 1685; and in this, a skeel o' hum means a vessel of water, 

 hum being the regular word in Gaelic for water for drinking 

 or cooking. In the Scotch lowlands it has come to be used 

 for a small stream, which is allt in the Highlands. 



But it is not very strange to find a bit of genuine Gaelic 

 in North Yorkshire, two hundred years ago, for the Humber 

 is understood to mean the River of the Cumbrians, and is 

 what it would be called by Gael to the northward ; if the 

 inflection had been Welsh, it would, I suppose, have made 

 it Gumer. 



Of course the Welsh on the Humber would not be the 

 northern Cymri, but the same British natives whom St. 

 Guthlac described as demons speaking Welsh, in the fens. 



I do not know exactly what a small stream is called in 

 the north of Yorkshire. Beck must be the German hach ; 

 hru7inen is, I think, a well in German, and quelle a spring. 

 The English hrook I am not sure of any analogies for. Burn 

 may be sometimes mixed up with bourn, a boundary. 



