262 Report of Meetings for 1891. By Dr J. Hardy. 



result of careful inquiry. There are numerous other examples 

 near Newham, Lucker, Hoppen, and Bradford, and they may 

 be all explained as phenomena attendant on the passing away 

 of the Great lee Sheet, which, it must be rem'embered, lasted 

 for thousands of years, during an entire epoch of the world's 

 history. 



There are Cheviot materials in the drift here, but it must not 

 be supposed that the contributions from this source were of great 

 amount. Mr Clough concludes from his Survey that the higher 

 summits — Cheviot, Hedgehope, Comb Fell, Cushat Law, etc. — 

 seem never to have been over-ridden by foreign ice, but have 

 acted as independent centres of it. On the other hand, near the 

 margins of the Lower Old Eed area, a clay containing very 

 many Carboniferous rocks, and essentially of foreign origin, 

 has advanced on it. In all probability both the E. and S. 

 margins of the Cheviots have thus once been over-ridden by 

 foreign ice up to the height of about 1000 feet. (Clough, 

 "Geology of the Cheviot Hills," Ordnance Survey, p. 34.) 

 This is the great sheet that has glaciated the coast of Nor- 

 thumberland, about which we have a paper from Mr James 

 Tait, printed in the Club's Proceedings for 1890. 



When the country long afterwards came to be populated, the 

 aborigines constructed rude Camps among these projecting 

 hillocks, or on the flat spaces on their summits, several of them 

 already simulating natural fortifications ; and they buried their 

 dead on such of the mounds as resembled the grave- barrows with 

 which they honoured their ancestry. Accordingly during 

 agricultural operations, there have been various discoveries, in 

 the vicinity, of cists containing Urns or Skeletons, and fortu- 

 nately details have, in some instances, been preserved. (See 

 Appendix B.) 



Fortunately also, an outline history of North Charlton is pre- 

 served ; and a genealogy of the Cay family, its owners from 

 before 1700 to a recent period, has been communicated by the 

 representatives of the two surviving branches, the head of the 

 family, Mr John Cay, W.S., Edinburgh, being one of the Club 

 members. The Cays were a distinguished Newcastle family, 

 well-known for the boon they conferred on the students of local 

 antiquities, by aiding the Rev. John Horsley in the production 

 and final issue of the great work, "Britannia Romana." For 



