AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 19 



PAPILIO ANACTUS, Maclkay.— (Plate XVI, ? ). 



rapilio anactus, W. S. IMacloay. King's Surv. Austr., II, App. p. -158 (1827) ; Boisduval, Spec. Gen, I, p. 219 (18,36) ; Westwood, Arcana Ent 11 , 

 pi. Hi, tig. 3 (1843). 



LiFE-IIisTORY : Mathew, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1888, p. 176, pi. vi., fig. 2. 



This well-known PapiUo is tolerably common during the summer months about Sydney and its environs, and at the Hunter 

 River, although not such a familiar object in our gardens as the showy PapiUo erecthcus, Don. There can be no doubt tliat, before 

 the introduction of the orange and lemon into New South Wales, the caterpillars of PapiUo anactus must have subsisted upon some 

 indigenous tree, probably the native Lime or some allied plant, but personally, except on one occasion, we have always found them 

 upon the Orange and Lemon trees— the exception alluded to being the capture of a fine full grown caterpillar feeding on the 

 common Rue flluta gna-eolens), a plant, wo may here mention, also favoured by PapiUo ercctheus. In its earliest stages the young 

 larva of PapiUo amictus closely resembles the young larva of PapiUo erecthcus, with which it may occasionally be seen in company" 

 feeding on the Citron leaves ; but a marked divergence occurs as it increases in size, as the yellow patches on each segment whidi 

 distinguish it from PapiUo erecthcus soon make their appearance. These yellow patches are retained to maturitv, when the caterpillar 

 measures from U to 2 inches in length, the female being decidedly larger than the male; both sexes are cylindrical and plump in 

 form, very dark bistre-brown throughout, finely punctured with white and blue dots ; with three rows of conspicuous yellow spots 

 or patches, one dorsal and the others lateral, running down the body from head to tail ; a row of small spines, each rising from a 

 small blue tubercle, springs from each segment between the dorsal and lateral yellow spots ; and a row of white spots— in some 

 specimens almost appearing as an undulating white line— is placed over the feet, which are brown with yellowish white markings ; 

 head shining brown with a white Y-shaped mark. They are voracious feeders, and sluggish in habit, but if alarmed, like all the 

 PapiUo larva) will protrude the retractile tentacula. 



The chrysalis is about IJ inch in length, attached by the tail and a median band, with the head upwards ; much produced 

 and bifurcate in front above the eyes, with numerous small tubercular projections on the back and near the wing-covers ; the 

 ground colour is greyish, tinted in places with pale pink and green, and finely speckled and striated with darker brown or bhick. 



In expanse the female perfect insect measures rather less than 3i} inches ; the male about 3i inches. 



The Antciiwc (fig. ]) terminate in a gradual club, which is rounded at the apex and not compressed or grooved. 



The Labial palpi (figs. 2 and 3) very small, hairy, scarcely projecting beyond the head ; basal joint about twice the length of 

 second ; terminal about half the length of second, and rather globular in shape. 



The Legs: long, slender, and almost devoid of scales or hair, but with several rows of short seta) on all the joints ; 



anterior pair spurless ; intermediate and posterior pairs (fig. 4) with two small spurs at their apices ; tarsi 

 terminating in strong claws. 



Wings erect in repose. 



The ground colour of both wings is jet black. In the discoidal cell, and between the nervules of the upper wing, are large 

 oblong patches of an ashy or Ijlackish-grey tint, and a row of oval white spots, close to the outer margin. The centre of the lower 

 wing is white, with the discoidal cell and nervules distinctly outlined in black ; five conspicuous crescentic patches of vermilion-red 

 commence at the anal angle and run parallel with the outer margin, and above these are smaller patches of shining bluish scales, 

 and two small white spots near the outer angle ; margins of both wings alternately black and white ; the lower wing with the 

 denticulations somewhat produced, like a rudimentary tail. Head and thorax black, with yellowish hairs near base of antenna and 

 in front, and a girdle of small white spots on the collar ; two vellowish spots on thorax, and on base of abdomen ; abdomen black 

 in centre, and partly ringed with yellow and l)lack at sides and extremity. 



The under side is very similar to upper, l)ut the patches are lighter in colour and larger. The sexes are alike in colouring. 



The female caterpillar, chrysalis, and female butterfly, are figured on the orange (Citrus aurantium). 



