AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 81 



very conspicuous spot of light orange-red, with silvery-bhio above, occupies the anal angle of the inferior wing, and a similar but 

 rather smaller and darker spot is placed on the anterior angle, under the costal vein. Near the apex of the discoidal cell, and 

 on the disc below it, arc delicate patches of silvery-blue scales, and the base of the wing is thickly covered with short silky cream- 

 coloured hairs. The thorax and abdomen are dark in the centre, and cream-coloured on the sides, and there are several round 

 creamy spots on the head and behind the eyes. 



The cream-coloured markings on the under side of the superior wings are disposed exactly as on the upper side, but are 

 larger and more confluent, and the black background is duller and slightly bronzed. Near the anterior margin five of the spots or 

 patches, extending from the third sub-costal to the first median vein, are dull ochreous-yellow, and the costa is also tinged with 

 yellow. The under surface of the inferior wing is almost entirely rich cream-colour, suffused with pale yellow at the basal half. 

 The spots and patches are similar to the upper surface in their arrangement, but the black background only shows as an outline to 

 these, and on the denticulated margin. Placed across the disc, and beneath the discoidal cell, extending from the first subcostal 

 to the third median nervule are dull orange-yellow patches, with bars of black and silvery-blue above ; the large ocellular spot near 

 the anterior angle is also encircled with black and silvery-blue ; thorax, abdomen, and legs, cream-coloured, the former covered 

 with dark hairs. 



This attractive Papilio is not very common in the neighbourhood of Sydney, l)ut we have collected it in considerable 

 numbers at the Hunter River, where its favourite feeding-grounds were the fields of blue lucerne and clover. It is, however, a 

 species of wide distribution, being found in Queensland, South Australia, and Victoria, as well as in New Guinea.* 



The caterpillar and chrysalis are represented on the Orange (Citrus aurantlum), with both the upper and under surfaces of 

 the female butterfly. 



PAPILIO MACLEAYANUS, Leaoh.— (Plato XX., ? 



Papilw macleayanus, Leach, Zool. Misc., I., pi. v. (1814) ; Godart, Enc. Metli., IX., p. 47 (1819) ; Hubner, Zutr. Ex. Schmett, f. 501, 562 (1825) ; 



Semper, Mus. Godf., XIV., p. 45 (1878). 

 Papilio scoUianus, Felder, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gess. Wien., XII., p. 489 (1862) ; Reise Novara, Lep., I., p. 73 (1865). 



Our first observations upon the life-history of this beautiful insect, the Papilio madcmianus, were carried out at Ash Island, 

 when we observed the female butterfly depositing her eggs on the leaves of Grijcm salicifolia. The egg is somewhat globular in 

 shape, light pearly-green in colour, and placed singly on the leaves and young shoots of the food-plant. When the young larva 

 first emerges from the egg, its body is nearly black on the sides, with a broad whitish dorsal line, interrupted by two transverse 

 black bands, one anteriorly, passing over the shoulders between the second and third segment, and one posteriorly, between the 

 eleventh and twelfth segment. On the first and twelfth segment are pairs of large black tubercles with a tuft of hairs at the 

 extremity, similar to those on the larv« of Anthera'a ; and, on each of the remaining segments, is a whorl of six small black bifid 

 bristles ; on the second and third segment, the bristle in the second row on each side is replaced by a large black tubercle like 

 those near the head and tail, making in all eight tubercles on the body, four on each side. The head is black ; the feet and under 

 side of body whitish, with a fringe of fine black hair along the side. A marked difference accompanies the first change of skm : 

 the body is then a very delicate green, slightly speckled with darker green ; the head and first segment pale yellowish. The whole 

 of the bifid bristles have disappeared, and in their place are rows of small white spots, while on the three anterior segments are 

 short horny reddish-black projections in ]ilace of the large tubercles ; a broad band of dark chocolate-brown passes over the 

 shoulders between the second and third segments, and there is a narrow band of the same colour near the tail, which terminates 

 in a white bifurcate projection. At this stage the body is distinctly pyriform in outline, being robust anteriorly, and much 

 attenuated posteriorly. When resting the caterpillar erects the anterior segments. At the third and fourth change of skm the 

 colouring is more pronounced, being a bright yellowish-olive, rendering the white spots more conspicuous. The anterior segments 

 are yellow, tinged with reddish, and the shoulder bands and spines are deep reddish-brown. The pair of spines on the third 

 segment are stiU conspicuous, but those on the first and second segments are very small ; the bifurcations at the tail are yellow, 

 tipped with black. The retractile tentacula are readily protrudible at this stage. During the succeeding changes of skm the 



TsZi'''iTu:^:\lfl^ry'^^'^^^^^^^^^ wUh ours iu colounn,, 'but we are incUned to thi.k that the diflereuces are merely 



varietal.] 



9 



