82 AUSTEALIAN LEPIDOPTEEA 



colour becomes a more decided green ; the rows of white spots arc fainter, and the dark shoulder band is scarcely seen ; the spines 

 — with the exception of tlie pair on the third segment — have disappeared. Finally, the larva, which now measures nearly 1 J inches, 

 and is very plump and onisciforra, is, on the ui)per side, intensely vivid grass-green, minutely punctured with darker green; and on 

 the under-side delicate l)luish-grecn. The i)air of slioulder spines are dark brown, short, and sharp, and from the base of each a 

 narrow yellowish-white line passes along the side of the body to the l)il'urcate tail ; beneath this line is a row of small white spots 

 — one on each segment — and a delicate fringe of white hair over the feet; the head is small, and shining grass-green. The 

 bifurcations at the tail now lie parallel, and appear like a single projection, and the anterior segments are usually drawn together 

 and bent down instead of being held erect as in the earlier stages. 



At the end of March our caterpillars underwent the change into chrysalids, attaching themselves in the usual way to some 

 suitable support, by the tail and a silken median band. The chrysalis measures 1 inch, is delicate emerald-green in colour, very 

 finely speckled with darker green, and with two small oval reddish spots i)]aced near the middle of the back, and a smaller reddish 

 spot behind the eyes. The thorax bears a conspicuous keel-shaped projection, from wliicli several yellowisli ridged lines diverge, 

 one passing straight in front of the head, the others on each side of tlie wing-cases and abdomen, and uniting at the tail. 



The butterflies took wing in May. Most of the specimens averaged 3 inches in expanse, but we have caught an occasional 

 specimen about ^ inch larger. 



The Antenme terminate in a short and slightly hooked club (iig. 1). 



The Labial pali>i small, projecting forwards slightly in front of the head (Iig. 2); second joint twice the lengtli of basal (fig. 3, 

 divested of hair) ; terminal joint very small and rather globose ; the whole covered above with fine scales 

 and thickly fringed below with han-. 



The Legs: anterior pair (iig. 4) with a horny sac on the inner side of tibiaj ; intermediate and posterior pairs each 



with two small spurs at the apex of the tibiaj (fig. 5) ; tibiie and tarsi nearly smooth, and with several 

 longitudinal rows of small black aetoo. 



Wings erect in repose. 



On the upper surface both wings are broadly margined with rich silky black ; on the inner or basal half they are light 

 greenish-white, which deepens into a rich light apple-green on the discoidal cell and costa of upper wing. Adjoining the costa of 

 the upper wing, placed transversely, are two large light green patches, one wedge-shaped, near the end of discoidal cell, the other 

 of oblong form, nearer to the apex of wing ; and two small spots ])etween the nervules, just below the discoidal cell. A row of 

 greenish-white spots, one between each nervule, runs parallel to the exterior margins of both wings— occasionally these spots are 

 very faint on the lower wing, appearing only in a few scattered scales. The lower wing is prolonged near the anal angle into a 

 graceful and slightly spatulate tail, and is fringed at the anal angle and on the abdominal margin with salmon-coloured hairs. The 

 margin of the upper wing is entire, but the lower wing has alternate denticulations of black and white. Abdomen greenish-white ; 

 thorax and head, brownish-green, the head being very hairy in front. On the under surface the markings are disposed as above, 

 but the rich black of the border is replaced by bronzy-brown, delicately varied with a pearly sheen near the apex of the upper wing 

 and near the undulating margin of the lower wing. The green colour is very vivid near the costa of the upper wing, and over the 

 whole basal half of the lower wing, which has the anterior margin bordered with red at the base and near the apical angle. 

 Three of the marginal rows of spots near the posterior angle of the ui)per wing are united at the veins, and the two small greenish- 

 white spots below the discoidal cell are also united and form a single V-shaped marking. The abdomen is greenish-white ; the 

 legs light apple-green ; the antenna) tipped with orange. The sexes are alike in colouring. 



Like the larva of Papilio sarpedon, the larva of the Papilio madcaijaiius has of late shown a decided preference for the leaves 

 of the camphor laurel, and in the neighbourhood of Sydney is usually found feeding upon that tree, although we have heard of its 

 having been found on the orange tree. The butterfly is bold and rapid in its movements, and forms a beautiful and graceful object 

 when sipping the sweets of the flower garden, or darting swiftly in mid-air. Its distribution is wide, extending to Lord Howe 

 Island, Norfolk Island, Tasmania, Victoria, and in Queensland as far north as the Johnstone Eiver. 



Three stages of the larva, on the leaves of the Geijcra salicifolia, the chrysalis, and upper and under views of the perfect 

 insect are given in the plate. 



