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By G. M. smith, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. 



(Abstract.) 



rjlO illustrate the moaning of tho word "germ" two 

 -*- examples were given, viz. . (1) The fermentation of 

 wort by beer-yeast, and formation by tho small cellular 

 structure, tho yeast-plant, of alcohol and carbonic acid; 

 (2) The disease known as splenic fever amongst cattle, 

 which has boon shown by Pasteur to be due to a small rod- 

 like body, called tho Hacillus anthracis. It is now known 

 that many diseases, and most of the phenomena of decay, 

 decomposition, and other important chemical changes, are 

 initiated by these small organisms. They ai'O almost uni- 

 versal, existing in air, earth, and water ; they possess great 

 powers of reproduction, and are difficult to destroy. The 

 methods of investigation employed are : (1) powerful micro- 

 scopes and appropriate staining agents ; (2) cultivating 

 them in nutrient jolly, and getting them in a pure con- 

 dition (apparatus shown for this purpose, including steril- 

 izing chambers, steaming can, plate, and test-tube arrange- 

 ments, etc.) ; and (.3) proving their effects by injecting 

 them into animals. Under tho last division wo havo to 

 ascertain to what extent they are tho cause, concomitant, or 

 consequence of disease. 



Specimens of growing Anthrax, Bacillus Violaccus, Micro- 

 coccus prodigiosus, etc., were shown ; also microscopic slides 

 of cholera bacillus, the germ of mouse Septicaimia, etc., etc. 



