142 



ON THE SETTING OF STEAM BOILERS, 



flues, must be bonoficial both to tho gonoration of stoam and 

 tho duration of the boiler. 



I come now to notice tlio experiments tliat have been 

 made from time to time to test the accuracy of the theo- 

 retical results with this improved setting, and (1) notice 

 those for ascertaining the composition of the products of 

 combiistion. 



At Messrs. Tatos' sugar refineries in Liverpool it was 

 found that tho proportion was as follows : — 



Livet'8 System. 



Ordinary System. 



Carbonic Acid Gas . 12-17 percent. 

 Oxygen Gas . . . 6-17 „ 

 Carbonic Oxide Gas 0-23 „ 



Carbonic Acid Gas . 7'(')2 percent. 

 Oxygen Gas . . . 1100 „ 

 Carbonic Oxide Gas 0-74 „ 



From which wo see that in Livet's setting tho carbonic 

 oxide was to the acid as 1 to 53, while in tlio ordinary 

 setting it was as 1 to 10 J, Tho respective evaporization 

 of these boilers, which were of the ordinary Lancashire 

 typo, was as 8 to (Ji, a gain of nearly 25 per cent. This 

 shows that a much greater amount of heat was generated 

 in Livet's furnace ; and the pyrometer showed that in 

 the damper flue the temperature was under 6(J0°, while 

 before the boilers were reset it had been at tho same place 

 over 900°. In other cases, whore the firing was not so 

 intense as it always is in sugar refineries, the temperature 

 of the flue 50 ft. from the furnace has boon found to bo 

 300° and under— in fact, equal to the temperature of tho 

 water in the boiler. The obvious inference from this is, that 

 a very large amount of heat has passed into tho boiler, and 

 less waste has taken place from the absorption of heat by 

 the nitrogen of the air. And I am assured, as a matter of 

 fact, that the commercial results in all cases show, in in- 



