MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



21 



Hald., A. cincinnatiensis Anthony, and Pomatiopsis lapidaria Say. It is plain that this marl is from 

 the Bonneville beds of Mr. Gilbert, containing shells which lived ia the lake when the waters were 

 at the level of the month of the cave. Prof. F. V. Hay den, in 1870, found in these beds Muminicola 

 fusea Hald., Valvata sincera Say, Limncm catascopium Say, L. desidiosa Say, Amnicola limosa Say, 

 Pomatiopsis cincinnatiensis. Afterward Mr. Gilbert found -'he following additional species: Pom- 

 atiopsis lustrica Say, Succinea lineata Binu., and a Cypris(?). This formation was regarded as 

 Quaternary by Dr. Hayden. Mr. Gilbert regards the deposit as a 

 Lacustriau one, thrown down during the glacial epoch, when "the 

 great climatal revolution which covered our northeastern States with 

 ice was competent to flood the dry basin of Utah." The cave, then, 

 is of very recent origin, and as it is only perhaps 200 feet above the 

 present level of the lake, the highest terrace or raised beach being 

 1,000 feet above the present level, Clinton's Cave was not excavated 

 until the latter half or last third of the Quaternary epoch, and it was 

 not until some time after then that the ancestors of the present in- 

 habitants obtained a foothold, and that nearly the present relations of the existing fauna of Utah 

 were established. That this was the case is further supported by the fact that the species of 

 animals found in the cave are such as may have been descendants of an assemblage which flour- 

 ished when the country was more humid than now. 



Fig. 3. — Zonitcs eubrupicola. 



FAUNA OF CLINTON'S CAVE. 



Zonites subrupicola Dall. (Since found under stones above ground in California. — Dall.) 

 Pohjdesm m cavicola Pack. 

 Nemastoma troglodytes Pack. 

 Tomocerus plumoeus, var. alba Pack. 



NOTE ON THE FAUNA OF A CAVE AT MANITOU, COLORADO. 



I made a brief examination of a large but very dry cave, about 600 feet long, opened to trav- 

 elers in 1874, in the Carboniferous limestone in Williams Canon, at Manitou, Colorado. The only 

 life found in the cave was a beetle, identified by Dr. Horn as Diclidia laetula Le Conte, two flies, and 

 three Coleopterous larvae. The beetle occurred near the entrance, and did not differ materially 



from other specimens which I collected under stones in tbe canon near the 

 entrance to the cave. A species of Mycetophilid fly also occurred near 

 the door, as well as a specimen of Blepharoptera defessa Osten Sacken, 

 not differing from specimens which occur in various caves in Indiana 

 (Wyandotte), Mammoth Cave, and adjoining caverns. The occurrence of 

 this species in caves so remote is interesting. No Diptera, I am informed 

 by Baron Osten Sacken, are peculiar to caves, though this species is com- 

 fig. 9.— Diclidia Untold an. i larva. mon } n most of our caves, especially near the entrance, and has not been 

 found elsewhere. Associated with the beetle were three larvae, which I am inclined, with some 

 doubt, to regard as the young of Diclidia Iwtula Le Conte. It seems to agree with the family char- 

 acters of the larvse of the Mordellidse, as laid down by Chapuis and Candeze; but of course, until 

 some one rears it, the identification will be uncertain. I give meanwhile a brief description of it. 

 In general form it is like the larva of Anaspis, the body being rather long and narrow, the 

 head nearly as wide as the prothoracic segment, the body a little wider than the head, thickest in 

 the middle, and gradually tapering toward the end; head as long as broad, subtrapezoidal, some- 

 what square, the shies not very convex, the surface depressed, with a few scattered hairs. An- 

 temne as long as from the base of the head to their insertion; four-jointed; second joint a little 

 wider and one-third as long as the third joint; the fourth joint as long as the third is thick, ending 

 in three or four hairs. Mandibles acute, not very long. Maxillary palpi one-third as long as the 

 entire maxilla, being small and short, appressed to the head; three-jointed, the joints subequal; 

 second joint short, the third nearly twice as long as the second. Labium small; palpi feeble, 

 short, and small; two-jointed, the joints subequal. No eyes can be detected. Prothoracic seg- 

 ments well rounded in front, nearly as long as broad; second abdominal segment not much longer 

 than the third; the terminal segment narrows rapidly behind, ending in a pair of upcurved spines, 



