12 MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



DIAMOND CAVE. 



The entrance is about five miles from Mammoth Cave Hotel. The chambers are smaller, but 

 more beautiful aud damper than those of Mammoth Cave. The stalactites are still dripping and 

 in course of development. A brook flows through it, containing Gambarus pellucidus, Gcecidotcea 

 stygia, and the eyeless transparent flat worm (D. percoecum). Though the darkness is total, there is 

 more or less free communication with the upper world, as leaves were found on the floor, and three 

 species of living normal snails, evidently belonging to out-ofdoor species of Helix ; small earth- 

 worms (Lnmbricus) were frequent in muddy places, and a species of Phora and a Dipterous larva 

 (Sciara?) were obtained, with a single Staphylinid beetle. Near the steps into the cave and in 

 almost total darkness I observed a hard-wood tree growing with living but bleached shoots six 

 inches long, 



FAUNA OF DIAMOND CAVE. 



Dendrocmlum percwcum Pack. 



Cecidoia'.a stygia Pack. In the brook aud pools. Common. 



Camoarus pellucidus Tellkf. In the brook and pools. Common. 



Anthrobia mammouthia (Tellkf.). In the brook and pools. Frequent. 



Ltpidocyrtus atropurpureus Pack. 



Degeeria cavernarum Pack. 



Campodea cookei Pack. 



Adelops hirlus (Tellkf.). 



Anophthalmias tellkampfii Ericbs. 



Anophthalmus menetriesii Motsch. 



CAVES NEAR CAVE CITY. 



Several caves near Cave City, situated on the railroad 10 miles from Mammoth Cave, were 

 explored by Mr. Sanborn. Of these caves the Grand Crystal is said by Hovey to be 3 miles long. 

 Others were Hundred Dome Cave and Long Cave. Near Glasgow Junction are Walnut Hill 

 Spring Cave and a cave under Gardner's Knob. 



No new forms were discovered in these caverns, and the species found in them are mentioned in 

 the descriptive or zoological part of this essay. 



WYANDOTTE CAVE. 



The following account and map of the cave are taken from the facts stated by Mr. John Collett 

 in the eighth, ninth, and tenth annual reports of the "Geological Survey of Indiana," 1878} also 

 from Hovey's " Celebrated American Caves :" 



This and adjoining caves are also, like the Mammoth Cave group, excavated from a table-land 

 of subcarboniferous limestone, and are situated south of the southern limit of the drift. Wyandotte 

 Cave is situated 5 miles northeast of Leavenworth, the county seat of Crawford county, Indiana, 

 which is 50 miles below Louisville, Kentucky, and 126 miles south of Indianapolis. The avenues and 

 rooms are estimated to be, in all, 23 miles in extent. The Cave House is " situated on a com- 

 manding eminence, 573 feet above tide-water, 270 above low water in the Ohio River, and 220 above 

 Blue River." Across the narrow valley of Blue River is Greenbrier Mountain, which is capped 

 with Chester rocks, " and in the background knobs are seen reaching from 200 to 250 feet higher 

 than the hotel." 



Section of Wyandotte Cave. 

 , Feet. 



Slope and loess 20 



Buff sandstone, with fossil plants 75 



Gray limestone, with Archimedes, etc 6 



Brown limestone and shale 40 



Gray limestone and shale 50 



Lithographic bands 34 



White oolitic Saint Louis limestone 4 



Gray, cherty, encrinital limestone 220 



Blue Eiver 



Total 449 



The cave is drier, not so well watered, as Mammoth. The temperature of the cave is 54°. "A series of careful 

 observations was made, showing that, while in a few localities the mercury rose to higher markings, the temperature 



