MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



81 



are sometimes confluent ; the finer pubescence on very minute dark spots, an often faint brown stripe in the middle 

 and a still less distinct one on each side ; humeral callosities reddish, the flat scutellum likewise. Pleurae pale brown- 

 ish-gray, darker below. Abdomen grayish-pollinose, the ground color being blackish; male hypopygium yellow, 

 with delicate black pile; tip of the female abdomen also yellowish; hind margins of segments pale. Halterea 

 whitish. Wings with a brownish-yellow tinge; bristles on the costa 

 of moderate length ; posterior cross- vein rather near the tip of the fifth 

 vein, the last section of that vein being less than half of the cross- 

 vein. Legs reddish-brown or brown ; knees and base of middle femora 

 paler. 



Habitat. — Hundred Dome Cave, near Glasgow, Kentucky (F. G. 

 Sanborn) ; a male and two females. The specimens, having been kept 

 in alcohol, were very much injured. The species is related to B. cine- 

 raria Lw. (syn. armipcs Lw.), but is easily distinguished by the ab- 

 sence of the peculiar armature on the hind femora of the male, the 

 much darker legs, larger size, etc. The anterior frontal bristles of B, 

 cineraria are much shorter, but the pair above them much larger than 

 in B. dcfcssa. In one of my specimens (the male), the tibiae are some- 

 what yellowish in the middle; the frontal bristles were observed on 

 the female, as they had disappeared from the male specimen. 



Blepharopterae are often found in caves, where they are said to 

 breed in the excrement of bats. This species also occurred in Mammoth 

 Cave, Wyandotte Cave (Packard), and numerous smaller caves, i. e 



FlG. 18. — Blepharoptera defessa Osten Saoken. 



Zwingle's Cave (one of the Carter caves), 

 September 17, 20 rods from the entrance ; Gray Town Cave, Curtin caves, Little Lithographic Cave, near Glasgow 

 Junction; Hundred Dome Cave (Sanborn). 



Phora (2, 12, 13) larvae in decaying vegetable matter; some parasitical in other insects. 



In order to give completeness to this paper I append Mr. Hnbbard's description of the larva 

 of the Phora, which I did not meet with : 



Phora sp. — (Fig. 19 : a, larva, enlarged ten times, profile; b, front view of head and thorax; c, anal proleg, 

 from above; a and b much enlarged.) The larva of the smaller cave fly is cylindrical, narrowed in front, more sud- 

 denly narrowed behind. Head small, rounded, convex, deeply inserted in the thorax; above on each side an acute, 

 three-jointed tubercle ; in front a second pair of very minute tubercles, sep- 

 arated by a sutural line, which branches below them ; space between the 

 branches of the Y-suture excised, inclosing the buccal opening, which ap- 

 pears as a dark transverse slit. Three thoracic segments smaller than the 

 abdominal segments, retractile, bearing at or near the anterior border a 

 row of acute tubercles or spines ; the prothoracic with a pair of tubular 

 seines arising from depressions at the middle of each side. Abdomen of 

 nine segments, each with three folds on the dorsal surface, the posterior 

 fold bearing a row of spines similar to those on the thorax ; sides wrinkled, 

 with tubercular prominences between the segments, and one or two spines 

 anterior to those of the dorsal row ; ventral surface, each segment with three 

 transverse ridges, one median, slightly in advance of the two lateral ridges ; 

 two last segments smaller, the terminal with an anal projection consisting 

 of two large retractile tubercles, directed upwards and bearing spiracles, 

 surrounded by six radiating spiny processes. Color, dull white, darker at the extremities, 

 distended, 5 mm = .21 inch. Several specimens in alcohol. 



The larva of the European Phora dauci, observed by Bouche" in rotten radishes, is figured without detail by 

 Wcstwood (Int. to Classification, ii, Fig. 132, 12); that of P. incrussata, found in bee-hives, is repro- 

 duced in Packard's Guide. Both agree with this larva, as far as the figures and descriptions go. 

 The pupa is visible through the skin of the larva, which becomes an indurated puparium, light 

 red in color, oval, pointed at the ends, smooth and convex beneath, more depressed on the dorsal 

 surface, which is margined, with the segments indicated by ridges. The extremities of the pupa- 

 rium show the parts of the larva unchanged. Length, 3.6 mm = .14 inch. 



All the stages were found on offal in Washington Hall, Mammoth Cave, August 21. Imagos 

 Fig. 20. Phora. appeared from pupaa taken to Detroit, Michigan, a week later. 



S. Mis. 30, pt. 2 6 



Fig. 19. — a, larva of Phora; 6, front of head and 

 thorax; c, end of ahdomen, all much magnified 

 (after Hubbard). 



Length, when moderately 



