84 



MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



Order Coleoptera. 



Adelops hirtus Tellkf., Archiv f. Naturgeschichte, 1844. Mammoth Cave. 



Anophthalmus tellkampfii Ericlison, N. Y. Journ. Med., 85, July, 1845. Mammoth and other caves in Kentucky. 



Anophthalmias menetriesii Motsch. Mammoth, Diamond, and other caves in Kentucky. 



Anophthalmus pusio Horn. 



Anophthalmus tenuis Horn. Wyandotte Cave, Bradford Cave, Indiana. 



Anophthalmus eremita Horn. Wyandotte Cave. 



Anophthalmus pub escens Horn. 



Anophthalmus audax Horn., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, x, 272. Ronald's Cave. 



Anophthalmus interstitialis Hubbard, Amer. Ent., iii, 52, 1880. Mammoth Cave. 



Undetermined blind larva, Pack., Amer. Naturalist, May, 1876, PI. ii, page 8. 



Amillus explanatus Horn. Alabaster Cave, California. PL xviii, fig. 5. 



Order Diptera. 

 Chironomus 2 sp. 

 Borborus sp. 

 Sciara sp. 

 Mycetophila sp. 



Blepharoptera defessa Osten Sacken, Bull. TL S. Geol. Survey, iii, 1C8, 1877. Mammoth and other caves in Ken- 

 tucky ; Wyandotte Cave, Indiana ; cave in William's Canon, Manitou, Colorado. 

 Anthomyia sp. 



Phora sp. Hubbard, Amer. Ent., iii, 82. Mammoth Cave. 

 Pholeomyia leucozoma Bilim. Cave of Cacahuamilpa, Mexico. 



V.— THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF CAVE ANIMALS. 



This, of course, is founded ou that of the fauna of the upper world in the region of the caves, 

 and yet within such a region there are, as one may see by an examination of the foregoing lists of 

 the faunas of the better-known caves, radical differences in the fauna of Mammoth and Wyandotte 

 Caves, which lie in the same faunal region of the upper world. 



Beginning with the better-known groups, we will call attention to some features in their dis- 

 tribution in the caves of the Central and Middle Atlantic States. It Will be noticed that Adelops 

 hirtus only occurs in Mammoth and adjoining caves *. e., Dixon's, Proctor's, Diamond, and other 

 caves within 10 miles of Mammoth. None of the species of Anophthalmus which occur in Mam- 

 moth Cave have been yet discovered in Wyandotte. 



Eight species of Anophthalmus are known, of which A. tellkampfii is the largest and most 

 abundant, occurring in Mammoth and the neighboring caves. Next to this, Anophthalmus 

 menetriesii of Motsch ultzy is most common. In grottoes near Mammoth 

 Cave, Cave City Cave, and Walnut Hill Spring Cave, near Glasgow 

 Junction, Mr. Sanborn found Anophthalmus puhescens Horn. In Wyandotte 

 Cave A. tenuis Horn and A. eremita Horn are the only blind beetles found, 

 (they are very rare there, as I saw none myself), and the former has been 

 found in Bradford Cave, Indiana, by Dr. John Sloan and myself. The larger 

 number of species occur in the Mammoth Cave region, while in the Carter 

 caves of Eastern Kentucky only one species (A. pusio Horn) occurred, which 

 was originally discovered by Professor Cope in Erhart's Cave, Montgomery 

 county, Virginia. It is evident that the Mammoth Cave system of grottoes 

 is the geographical center of Anophthalmus in the United States. No 

 species of the genus has been discovered in Weyer's, Luray, or in Nickajack 

 caves. 



The spiders were found not infrequently in all the caverns mentioned in 

 the notes appended to Mr. Emerton's descriptions. I should say that the 

 spiders were equally abundant in Mammoth and Wyandotte caves, but they 

 were most abundant in Weyer's, where three species occurred. They were 

 next commonest in the Carter caves. These are small caverns, none more 

 than a mile in extent ; but it is interesting to observe that in Mammoth and Wyandotte caves re- 

 spectively, both between 5 and 7 or 8 miles in extent, so far as rude measurements show, there was 



Fig. 21. — Anophthalmus tell- 

 kampfi. 



