ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS 105 



shape is indicative of hollows surrounded by glacial 

 drift. Were the barriers at the Black Bank and Pallins- 

 burn gorges to be 220 feet high, the outline of Lake 

 Ewart would not be very appreciably altered, and the 

 Till would then drain away the overflow by passing 

 between Mattilees Hill and Gatherick, where there is a 

 line of minimum elevation not rising higher than 217 

 feet above sea-level, just where the roads from Berrington 

 Lough and Gatherick meet, and continue to Duddo. 

 Once past this, there would be a downhill slope to the 

 head of Haiden Dean (H). 



Hence the reality of a Lake Ewart depends upon the 



reality of the barriers at the gorges just 

 Origin of mentioned, Pallinsburn and Black Bank, 

 Lake. and at Grindon Ridge. Here the trained 



Geologist should intervene. But surmise 

 may be permitted. If, as at the close of the Glacial 

 Epoch was possible, and even probable, the Tweed Valley 

 was occupied by a wide glacier, spreading over the river 

 banks on both sides, this would effectually block the 

 direct avenues to the Tweed from Pallinsburn or Black 

 Bank, three miles distant, either with its moraine, or 

 with its own solid ice. So long as this glacial condition 

 lasted, the Till would flow down Haiden Dean, carving 

 its channel deeper, and reaching tlie North Sea indepen- 

 dently. There appears to have been also at one time a 

 minor lake at a later date than Lake Ewart, which 

 would practically be the Kirknewton branch of the Ewart 

 Lake, after the latter had become dry or much shallower. 

 The river Glen appears to have diverged from its present 

 course, from which it parted just below the site of 

 Coupland Castle, and crossing what is now the Milfield 

 Road, some way North of Ewart West Lodge, turned 

 down past Galewood on the North side of it, reaching 

 the Till (or the Lake) some two miles lower down than 

 its present confluence. This is noted in a paper, entitled 

 " Banks of the Tweed and some of its tributaries," by 

 



