CUTHBERTSHOPE, WITH NOTE ON DERESTREET 337 



of Eoxburghshire drawn by the Kinghorns, Cranston, and 

 Clark in that year. Mr Cuthbert, schoolmaster of Hounam, 

 informs me that the stones of this building — now no longer 

 standing as a memorial of the zealous saint — were taken to 

 build the adjoining sheepfolds ; and that the foundations of 

 the building may still be traced. The outlines, however, 

 must be somewhat faint, as they are not marked on the last 

 two editions of the six-inch Ordnance Survey Maps. 



There remains an interesting field of research for local 

 archaeologists in regard to the roads which traversed our 

 Borderland in ancient times. To do this work thoroughly the 

 antiquarian must know the monastic chartularies, contemporary 

 accounts of English raids, and old maps as intimately as he 

 knows the contour of the land. Regarding Derestreet, it is 

 stated by some writers that it was so designated because it 

 was the road which led to Deira ["Dere" signifies "the 

 men of Deira"]. But more probably it has some connection 

 with "deor" ("a wild animal," "a deer"; this forms the 

 root of the place-names Derby, Durham, etc.), as in Symeon 

 of Durham's History it is twice referred to as " Deorestrete," 

 which the editor of the Surtees Society's edition of that work 

 states was "the great Eoman thoroughfare through the county 

 of Durham from South to North." This was obviously the 

 great road which came from London through York and 

 thence Northwards over the Cheviots into Scotland, where the 

 continuation is now known as Watling Street. "As regards 

 the history of the road," said Dr Macdonald in his paper 

 on Roman Roads,^ "nothing can be founded on the name 

 Watling Street, applied to it by Horsley and others, as well 

 as on the Ordnance Map. This epithet is, I believe, an 

 importation from the other side of the Border, which, except 

 from books, is quite unknown in Roxburghshire." 



Watling Street, says a reverend writer, "has been traced 

 from Carriden on the Firth of Forth, through Lothian, Lauder- 

 dale, St. Boswells Grreen, and onward to Jedfoot Bridge, the 

 camp at Pennymuir, and Woden Law ; and then crossing the 



'' Proceedings of the Soc. of Antiq., xxix., p. 322, 



