6o 



Garden and Forest. 



[Number 154. 



"Comparing it with the descriptions of the French malady 

 known as Rougeot, it is found to possess many points of re- 

 semblance, and the eminent French viticulturist Viala, who 

 noticed this disease in his recent journey in the United 

 States, thought that it was probably the same. In the judg- 

 ment of this authority, Rougeot follows as a concomi- 

 tant a sudden lowering of the temperature in mid-summer 

 when the vines, loaded with fruit, are in full growth, and is 

 much more likely to occur upon heavy, ill-drained soils than 

 upon light, well-drained land. Both Viala and Foix recom- 

 mend as the surest prevention against its attacks thorough 

 underdraining. If the wood has failed to mature, and enough 

 bearing wood cannot be secured to furnish good healthy canes, 

 the wisest plan will be to prune close to the ground and raise 

 an entirely .new growth. 



" Although considerable time and attention has been paid to 

 the class of diseases to which this new malady probably belongs, 

 the prime cause is not positively known, and until a longer 

 time for experimental research is afforded the trouble must 

 remain only partially explained." 



Notes. 



The fifth annual Orchid show of Messrs. Siebrecht & Wadley 

 will open on the 4th of March at Madison Square Garden. 



An exhibition of Orchids will be held at the nurseries of 

 Messrs. Pitcher & Manda, Short Hills, New Jersey, from the 

 9th to the 14th of February. 



A German journal reports that a horticultural establishment 

 in Brussels has already received " much more than $20,000 

 from the sale of plants of the recently introduced Cattleya 

 Warocqueaua." 



Gartenflora reports that Pachyst'nna Canbyi, a rare shrub of 

 the southern Alleghany Mountains, is in cultivation in the 

 public gardens at Miinden, in Germany, and endures the win- 

 ter weather well, although it makes growth very slowly. 



The first greenhouse in Chicago was, says the Prairie 

 Farmer, erected by one Samuel Brooks in 1840. It was a lean- 

 to structure about fifty feet long by twelve feet wide. Part of 

 the house is yet standing in that city. Perhaps the Chicagoans 

 will place it on exhibition at the World's Fair. 



Statistics prove that the horses of England haul on an aver- 

 age twice as much as American horses. This is not due to the 

 superiority of English horses, but of English roads. We cannot 

 afford to build good roads, it is said, but we are compelled by 

 this failure to keep two horses to do the work which should 

 be done by one. 



Mr. Frank Hinckley, who recently died at his home in Old 

 San Bernardino, first -went to California as an engineer, but of 

 recent years had been one of the most successful horticuh 

 turists in the southern part of the state. It is said that his 

 father, in the year 1846, brought to California the first fruit- 

 trees ever imported from the east. 



The favorite flower of Mohammed was the Narcissus, prob- 

 ably the yellow Daffodil, which grows abundantly all through 

 western Asia, and he gave his followers the following coun- 

 sel : " Whoever has two loaves of bread, let him trade one for 

 a blossom of Narcissus; for bread is nourishmentfor the body, 

 but the Narcissus is food for the soul." 



It is estimated that by careful cultivation almost one-fourth 

 of all the cultivated land in China is made to bear two crops a 

 year, while many portions produce three crops. The ut- 

 most ingenuity and economy are displayed in the use of 

 manures, even the burnt fire-crackers which are left from the 

 frequent festivals being strewn on the fields for the sake of 

 their nitrogenous elements. 



A western paper recently described a curious example of 

 the natural "in-arching" of trees in Lawrence County, Illinois. 

 The trunks of two Elm-trees, standing about twenty feet apart, 

 have met at about the same distance above the ground, where 

 they blend into a perfectly symmetrical trunk of large dimen- 

 sions. The tree is nearly a hundred feet in height and very 

 well developed, and wagons can, of course, easily be driven 

 through the great triangle which forms its base. 



Experiments reported by Professor Maynard, of the Massa- 

 chusetts Agricultural College, give renewed testimony of the 

 effectiveness of the Bordeaux Mixture as a preventive of mil- 

 dew and black rot of the grape. Paris green added to the Bor- 

 deaux Mixture, even to the amount of one pound to 200 gal- 



lons, did no injury to either leaves or branches of Plum-trees, 

 and, in the opinion of Professor Maynard, when used in the 

 form of spray it will hold in check the curculio and the de- 

 structive black wart. 



The Ministry of Imperial Property in Russia recently issued 

 the following edicts : " 1. Forests shall not be cut throughout, 

 but in small portions at a time. 2. When a part of a forest is 

 cut the ground shall immediately be cleared, of the rubbish 

 and fenced in so that no cattle can graze there. 3. Shepherds 

 are forbidden, under a heavy penalty, to build fires either in 

 the woods or within the limits of a forest in spots that have 

 been cleared of trees." 



At a recent meeting of the Society for Horticulture and 

 Botany at Cologne one of the members highly recommended 

 cellulose paper as a covering for plants which are left out- 

 doors in winter, and especially for Roses. " This paper," says 

 a report of his words in Gartenflora, "has been tried in the 

 Public Garden of Cologne, and perfectly resisted the action of 

 cold, snow and rain. Plants covered with it have remained 

 uninjured in the very coldest winters." 



In a recently published paper Professor S. Coulter says that 

 the forest-area of Indiana has been reduced to 2,000,000 acres, 

 about one-tenth of the total extent of the state, although it is 

 still the fifth state in the Union as a producer of lumber. In 

 Professor Coulter's belief, the distribution of forest-trees within 

 the limited area of Indiana is but little influenced by geological 

 differences, the main influences being elevation, the location 

 of swamps and the course of rivers and streams. The most 

 generally distributed tree of the 106 species that are indigenous 

 to the state is Sugar Maple, which is found in every county. 



In an article on plant legends, recently published in the 

 Deutsche Rundschau, Dr. Von Langegg says that there is as 

 much uncertainty with regard to the true meaning of the Bibli- 

 cal " Lily-of-the-Field" as with regard to that of "Rose of 

 Sharon." Many persons have believed it to be Tulipa Ges- 

 neriana, which grows abundantly to the westward of the Sea 

 of Genneserath, while others have found it in the yellow Daf- 

 fodil, so common in many parts of Palestine. Later travelers 

 say that it is Lilium Chalcedonicum or the red L. Martagon, 

 which was formerly called the Byzantine Lily, and is espe- 

 cially abundant about Galilee, while still others speak for the 

 purple flower of Cynara Scolymus, the wild Artichoke. The 

 monks of the middle ages believed the Chalcedony Lily to be 

 the true "Lily-of-the-Field," and hence introduced it into 

 Europe and cultivated it largely, as the typical flower of the 

 Virgin, in their convent gardens. 



A correspondent of Gartenflora writes of a recent Chry- 

 santhemum exhibition at Leipsic : "A well-developed speci- 

 men of Mrs. Alpheus Hardy was shown and must have pleased 

 every expert. The downy covering was, indeed, not so prom- 

 inent as to justify a comparison with a ' head of curls,' nev- 

 ertheless it was downy. For myself, I am not enthusiastic 

 with regard either to this or to the newer Louis Boehmer with 

 reddish hairs, which comes from Peter Henderson in New 

 York. It is not probable that either will reach commercial im- 

 portance, for Mrs. Hardy is a lazy bloomer and so delicate that 

 it is of little use for transport." To this the editors of the 

 journal add : " We saw Mrs. Hardy at the end of November in 

 Charlottenburg, but little of its lauded beauty was descernible ; 

 the flowers were not well developed." From this it appears 

 that we have succeeded better with these famous varieties than 

 have German horticulturists. 



There is much truth in the following words which we quote 

 from an article recently published in the New York Tribicne: 

 "Conservatories are much more frequently seen in England 

 than in this country. Over here they are seldom met with 

 even in houses of decided pretensions, and never, or hardly 

 ever, in an ordinary dwelling. In London, however, almost 

 every suburban house has its little greenhouse full of 

 lovely bloom, opening invariably into the dining-room or 

 drawing-room, . . . and it is really a pretty sight, that of a 

 liveable English drawing-room, with its air of indescribable 

 comfort and its glimpse through the half-opened door of the 

 conservatory. . . . Whether it is the climate or the greater 

 care taken, or because they are more genuinely loved than in 

 this country, flowers certainly seem to thrive better in Eng- 

 land, under amateur management, than in America. We sus- 

 pect it is the latter reason. Americans do more for effect than 

 the English ; their flowers are decorations instead of dearly 

 loved companions. These little conservatories, in ordinary 

 well-to-do-families, are generally the charge of one of the 

 daughters of the house, who daily cares for the delicate plants 

 with undeviating regularity." 



